# Scope of use
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/basics/pulse-applications
## Key applications
Key applications for Pulse include:
* Establishing the air permeability of existing domestic dwellings and non-domestic buildings to quantify energy losses and to identify ventilation risks.
* Demonstrating the improvements achieved with the installation of measures that improve airtightness.
* Pre-compliance quality assurance checks on new-build residential or commercial properties.
* Checking that there is sufficient background ventilation in individual rooms.
* Testing the integrity of other enclosures where airtightness may be critical, such as containment labs, clean rooms, gaseous fire suppression rooms and refrigeration chambers.
## UK building regulations
Within the UK, Pulse is an approved air testing method for testing air permeability in Approved Document L (England & Wales - Volumes 1 & 2) as well as Section 6 Technical Handbook (Scotland).
Building regulation in England setting standards for the energy performance of new and existing buildings.
Guidance on the Welsh building regulation requirements on conservation of fuel
and power.
Provides guidance on achieving the standards set in the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004.
## Airtightness testing standards
Whenever carrying out air tests, an approved airtightness testing standard should be followed. Pulse is an approved method under CIBSE TM23.
TM23 describes why you should carry out air leakage testing, sets out acceptable rates of air filtration, and explains what you can do if you discover you have a problem.
## Comparison to blower door fan method
A blower door fan measures air leakage rates at much higher pressures than Pulse (typically 20-70Pa). It also slightly compromises the building envelope as the fan is mounted in an external doorway.
In comparison, a Pulse test measures building leakage across a range of low pressures (typically 2-15 Pa) in a dynamic manner, and requires no penetrations to the outside or any external pressure tappings.
This involves high frequency logging of data points over what is typically 6-15 seconds but the results are plotted and presented in the same format as the fan pressurisation method.
Since a Pulse test works at low pressure, it exerts no abnormal pressurisation or depressurisation loads on the building envelope, so there is no requirement for combined pressurisation and depressurisation tests.
The air leakage rate at 4 Pa, as measured directly by the Pulse method, is widely considered the typical pressure differential across a building envelope over the course of the seasons (i.e. a representative whole year average).
The key feature of the Low Pressure Pulse method therefore is that it provides an air change rate measurement that is representative of normal inhabited conditions, helping to improve understanding of in-use energy performance and true building ventilation needs.
# Quickstart videos
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/basics/quickstart-videos
## Current generation equipment
Coming Soon!
## Previous generation equipment
These videos relate to the previous generation Pulse 2.0 and are provided for existing customer usage.
### What is Pulse?
### What's in a Pulse 2.0 kit?
### How to connect the Pulse 2.0 kit
### How fast can you connect Pulse?
# Suitable enclosures
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/basics/test-enclosures
Pulse is a technology for measuring airtightness and can be applied to a wide range of enclosure types.
To obtain valid results, the enclosure must be sufficiently rigid and there needs to be adequate clearance around the release nozzle to allow a steady flow of air to be established during the test.
Enclosures that rely on flexible membranes, or that expand and contract in response to pressure changes, are not suitable for Pulse testing.
The most common application of Pulse is in the measurement of airtightness of buildings and individual rooms within buildings.
The user interface has been specifically designed to support this use case as simply and efficiently as possible.
Pulse has also been successfully used to assess the airtightness of other types of enclosures, including:
* Containment laboratories and cleanrooms
* Gaseous fire suppression rooms
* Refrigeration chambers
* Vehicles
* Storage facilities
* Data centres
* Large storage tanks for liquids and gases
> If you are considering testing an enclosure outside these typical applications, contact us for advice on suitability and appropriate test procedures.
## Domestic dwellings
In a domestic dwelling, a Pulse test occurs entirely within the building envelope and requires no penetrations to the outside or any external pressure tappings.
### Whole building test
When testing an entire dwelling, the equipment should be positioned with at least 1m clearance around the air release nozzle in order to ensure an evenly distributed and non-turbulent burst of air.
All internal doors and large storage cupboards within the dwelling must be open so that air released can dissipate freely throughout the building during the test.
### Room only test
When testing an individual room or other space, the equipment should be positioned with at least 1m clearance around the air release nozzle from furniture and other obstructions.
All entry doors into the room must be closed. The rest of the dwelling must be at an equal pressure with the outside during the test, so that air escaping the room under test can move freely. To achieve this, a window or door to the outside elsewhere in the building should be open during the test.
## Commercial buildings
The testing procedure for commercial buildings, and rooms within them, is the same as for domestic buildings. However, care must be taken to ensure all ventilation openings and service penetrations are discovered and adequately sealed up.
Testing large buildings is likely to require the use of multiple air receivers to achieve sufficient building pressurisation.
Refer to using multiple air receivers for more information.
## Other enclosures
When carrying out testing in other types of enclosure, the important considerations are:
* Providing enough space (1m of free air) around the nozzle to allow an evenly distributed and non-turbulent air release to be established;
* How much air to release - for spaces much smaller or more airtight than a typical house, it may be more suitable to charge the air receiver to less than the maximum 10 bar. For larger or more leaky spaces, multiple air receivers may be required;
* The enclosure should be sufficiently rigid, as Pulse is a dynamic test, issues can be encountered if the enclosure can expand or contract during the measurement;
* If the enclosure is within another enclosure, e.g. a storage vessel within a building, the building fabric could potentially limit the amount of airflow which can be released from the enclosure under test by becoming pressurised itself. The extent of this effect will be dictated by the relative size of the enclosure. Ideally the air outside the enclosure under test should be at the same pressure as the external atmosphere.
## Minimum enclosure size
To allow an evenly distributed and non-turbulent air release to establish, the smallest enclosure size that Pulse can be used to test is equivalent to a 1m wide by 1m deep by 2m high cube - approximately the size of a small lift/elevator or cupboard.
# Test types
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/basics/test-types
The Pulse system can be used in both air leakage testing and background ventilation assessment. Depending on the type of test being carried out, various required and optional information needs to be captured about the test location and building in question:
## Air pressure tests
An air pressure test, also known as an air permeability or airtightness test, is a formal methodology used to quantify the amount of air that escapes from a building through unintentional gaps and leakage paths at a given induced pressure difference between inside and outside.
Uncontrolled movement of air through a building envelope or component may be due to the porosity of building fabric materials, interfaces between materials and components, and imperfections in the construction of the building. For example, common leakage points include service penetrations, around window frames, or via access hatches. The primary goal of the test is to measure the overall integrity of a building’s fabric in the interests of energy efficiency and comfort.
In the UK, the assessment typically follows the CIBSE TM23 standard. Before the test begins, all intentional openings like extract fans and background ventilators are closed, or temporarily sealed where no operable closing mechanisms exist. The results are typically expressed as an air permeability value (AP4) or air change rate (ACH) which may be used for a number of purposes, including checking compliance with contractual or regulatory requirements.
An air pressure test is a mandatory requirement for all new-build homes, most new non-domestic buildings and is also a key component of large-scale retrofit projects.
### What information do I need to collect?
* Tester name
* Test enclosure (building or room)
* Enclosure volume (m³)
* Enclosure envelope area (m²)
* Building lifecycle (new build, existing dwelling, retrofit project)
* Test purpose
* Airtightness standard/procedure
* Building code/regulations
* Deviations from the standard
* Openings preparation
* Mechanical ventilation preparation
* Preparation notes
* Geometry source
* Test notes
* Tags
* Total floor area (m²)
* Building type
* Attachment
* Age band
* Number of bedrooms
* Wall construction
* Floor type
* Heating type
* Ventilation type
* Ventilation devices
* Site notes
* Room type
* Room envelope area (m²)
* Room type
* Room name
* Floor area (m²)
* Age band
* Wall construction
* Floor type
* Heating type
* Ventilation type
* Ventilation devices
* Property address
* Tester ID/number
* Design target pressure
* Related party disclosure
## Background ventilation assessment
A background ventilation assessment is a test methodology primarily used in retrofit projects to assess ventilation related risks and the adequacy of existing background ventilation arrangements.
It is often not practical to eliminate all uncontrolled advantageous air infiltration and air leakage in existing buildings. Therefore a balance must be struck between understanding the existing level of background ventilation and how this may be best complemented by appropriate levels of additional controllable purpose-provided background vents and/or mechanical ventilation.
Unlike an air pressure test, a background ventilation test involves no temporary sealing of purpose-provided ventilation. Instead, all operable vents are closed but otherwise the test is of the property in an as-lived state. A test is carried out of the whole house as well as for each individual bedroom, with threshold values used to help guide if spaces have limited or excessive levels of background ventilation. Ensuring adequate ventilation is critical, as sealing a building without proper airflow and extract ventilation can lead to excessive moisture, condensation, and dangerous mould growth.
The methodology, presented by The Installation Assurance Authority (IAA), requires results to be expressed as an air change rate (ACH). The approach is commonly practiced on projects working to the PAS2035 framework, including Annex C, with background ventilation testing serving as a useful way of measuring and understanding the ventilation dynamics, helping project teams to make better informed decisions.
### What information do I need to collect?
* Tester name
* Test enclosure (building or room)
* Enclosure volume (m³)
* Building lifecycle (new build, existing dwelling, retrofit project)
* Test purpose
* Building code/regulations
* Airtightness standard/procedure
* Deviations from the standard
* Openings preparation
* Mechanical ventilation preparation
* Preparation notes
* Geometry source
* Test notes
* Tags
* Enclosure envelope area (m²)
* Total floor area (m²)
* Building type
* Attachment
* Age band
* Number of bedrooms
* Wall construction
* Floor type
* Heating type
* Ventilation type
* Ventilation devices
* Site notes
* Room type
* Room name
* Room envelope area (m²)
* Floor area (m²)
* Age band
* Wall construction
* Floor type
* Heating type
* Ventilation type
* Ventilation devices
* Property address
* Tester ID/number
* Pre- or post- retrofit status
* Related party disclosure
# Pulse air compressor
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/equipment/air-compressor
The compressor is an oil-free piston pump compressor used to fill the air receivers pressure vessel with air. It is designed to be small and portable while still being able to pressurise an air receiver in a short period of time.
The compressor will charge air receivers to a maximum pressure of 10 bar via the included compressed air hose. Charging of the air receiver may take place onsite within the building or enclosure under test, onsite but outside the space to be tested (e.g. to minimise disruption or the time in the property) or if air receivers are suitably secured, it is also possible to charge air receivers in transit via a suitably configured vehicle mounted compressor.
## Features
1. Mains power inlet (on side)
2. Air hose connector
3. On/off switch (on top) and pressure gauge (behind)
4. Air inlet filter
## Technical specification
| | | |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Model Number | PUL-COMP-230V | PUL-COMP-110V |
| Input power supply | 220-240 VAC 50 Hz | 110-120 VAC 60 Hz |
| Maximum power consumption | 580 W, 2.6 A | 540 W, 4.9 A |
| Operating temperature | 10 - 40 °C | 50 - 104 °F |
| Noise level | 80 dB at 1 m | 85 dB at 1 m |
| External dimensions | 390 (L) x 180 (W) x 385 (H) mm | 390 (L) x 180 (W) x 385 (H) mm |
| Nominal weight | 16.2 kg | 15.6 kg |
| Supplied cables | - 1 x IEC C13 to UK Plug (Type G, 13 A) power cord (2 m) - 1 x quick-release compressed air hose (2 m) | - 1 x IEC C13 to USA Plug (Type B, grounded) power cord (2 m) - 1 x quick-release compressed air hose (2 m) |
Country specific power cords are available on request.
# Pulse 3.0 air receiver
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/equipment/air-receiver
Air receivers are used to store air in preparation for carrying out a test. They combine a pressure vessel with pneumatic valves and electronics. When performing an air leakage test, the stored air is released in a short burst, which increases the pressure within the building or test enclosure, allowing the air leakage rate to be measured.
## Features
1. Drain valve switch
2. Air release nozzle
3. Tank pressure gauge
4. Air hose connector
5. Ethernet port (with dust cover) for connection to controller
## Technical specification
| | |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| Model Number | PUL-V3-AR |
| Input power supply | 44-57 VDC PoE+ (802.3at) |
| Maximum power consumption | 30 W |
| Air reservoir capacity | 39.8 L |
| Maximum operating pressure | 10 bar / 145 psi |
| Operating temperature | 4 - 40 °C |
| Noise level | 108 dB at 1 m |
| External dimensions | 381 (D) x 824 (H) mm |
| Nominal weight | 13.0 kg |
| Supplied cables | - 1 x Neutrik etherFLEX® Cat5e RJ45 cable assembly (4 m) |
# Pulse 3.0 controller
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/equipment/pulse-controller
The controller is the central hub of the Pulse system. It encompasses electronics, a touchscreen display, and user-friendly software to manage and operate the connected air receivers, as well as control the compressor operation.
It also incorporates various sensors for measuring internal room temperature and atmospheric pressure which are used in the calculation of the air leakage result.
## Features
1. Touchscreen LCD
2. Air pressure sensor
3. Temperature sensor
4. LED status light
5. Main power inlet
6. USB-A data socket
7. Ethernet ports for connecting air receivers (x3)
## Technical specification
| | |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Model Number | PUL-V3-CON |
| Input power supply | 80-264 VAC 50-60 Hz |
| Maximum power consumption | 129 W |
| Screen interface | 7” capacitive touchscreen LCD |
| I/O ports | - 1 x USB 2.0 Type A (female socket) - 3 x RJ45 Gigabit PoE+ (802.3af, 802.3at) |
| Wireless communications | - Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz / 5.0 GHz (802.11ac) - Bluetooth 5.0, BLE |
| Storage | 16 GB eMMC flash memory |
| Operating temperature | 4 - 40 °C |
| External dimensions | 363 (L) x 282 (W) x 120 (H) mm |
| Nominal weight | 3.4 kg |
| Supplied cables | - 1 x Neutrik powerCON® to UK Plug (Type G, 13 A) power cord (3 m) |
Country specific power cords are available on request.
# Important safety information
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/equipment/safety-information
The Pulse equipment has been designed and manufactured to meet strict international safety standards. Like any electrical and pressurised apparatus, due care must still be taken when operating the equipment.
For your safety, all relevant national safety regulations must be complied with relating to pressurised and electrical systems when using the equipment.
## Intended use of Pulse
Pulse is exclusively intended for determining the air leakage and/or background air change rates of buildings and enclosures. The Pulse equipment must be stored in a dry, stable environment; protected at all times from extreme conditions and weather.
Pulse must be operated only as intended in this user documentation and within the constraints of the technical specifications found on the Equipment specification page and/or on the power rating label on the device itself.
Any equipment usage that does not comply with the technical specification or user operation detailed in this documentation will void your warranty.
## Recommended safety equipment
The noise level when air is released from an air receiver can be relatively loud. We recommend wearing ear protection or earplugs, especially when doing many tests in a day.
## General safety instructions
* The equipment is for professional use only.
* Use only as described in this documentation.
* Read carefully and understand the operating instructions before using the equipment.
* Do not expose this equipment to rain or moisture. For indoor use only.
* Do not remove any screws or non-operator accessible covers.
* Do not insert any metallic objects into ports or sockets.
* Do not handle the power plug or equipment with wet hands.
* Do not allow liquid to spill onto the equipment. Liquid damage will void the warranty.
* Do not allow anything to rest on or strain the power cords or air hose.
* Always ensure that cables and hoses are routed to prevent damage, accidental contact or trip hazards.
* Do not operate the equipment if it is suspected to be faulty or is damaged in any way. Switch off and unplug all power, then contact our support team.
* Ensure all equipment is securely transported to prevent damage or cause injury to yourself or others.
* Always store the equipment indoors when not in use. Do not expose to temperatures below 0ºC (32ºF) and allow it to acclimatise to room temperature before operating.
* Keep all people and body parts away from the air nozzle during use. The nozzle can reach very low (sub-zero) temperatures during and after air release.
* Do not block or place objects near the air nozzle: the force produced by air escaping can cause objects to be toppled or even be projected.
* Always wear earplugs or ear protection when using the equipment due to loud noise levels.
* Do not operate the equipment in the vicinity of pets or other animals as the loud noise can distress them.
* Seek manual lifting and handling training before attempting to move this unit. If you are unsure as to your ability to move the unit, do not attempt to do so. Request help from another person or procure a lifting aid.
* Do not lubricate any parts or carry out any maintenance or repair work other than that advised in this user documentation, or as advised directly by our support team.
* No modifications are allowed to the equipment. Any user modifications made may reduce the operational safety of the unit and invalidate the warranty.
* Ensure that the equipment is depressurised and electrically isolated prior to carrying out any of the scheduled maintenance instructions specified within this user documentation.
# What's included?
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/equipment/whats-included
## Standard equipment
Your new Pulse system includes the following components as standard:
| Component | Quantity | Included Cables |
| :--------------- | :------: | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Pulse controller | 1 |
Mains power cord (country specific)
|
| Air receiver | 1 |
Interconnect cable
|
| Air compressor | 1 |
Mains power cord (country specific)
Quick-release compressed air hose
|
Your Pulse equipment will be delivered in bespoke packaging to protect it during transportation. Please keep this packaging for future use, and when returning for service or calibration. Build Test Solutions cannot be held responsible for equipment returned to us that is damaged in transit due to inadequate packaging.
Upon receipt, please check your equipment for any damage that may have occurred in transit. If there is damage to either the external packaging or the contents, please contact us immediately and do not use the product.
## Additional air receivers
A typical UK house will require 1 or 2 air receivers depending on how airtight the property is. Use the air receiver capacity table to estimate the number of air receivers you'll require.
> One air receiver is included as standard. Additional air receivers can be purchased at the same time or separately.
A single Pulse controller supports up to 3 air receivers using the built-in connection ports, and can support a maximum of 10 air receivers in total using an external PoE+ Ethernet switch when testing large or commercial buildings.
Refer to using multiple air receivers for more information.
## Other essential equipment
To competently carry out air leakage tests, you may require other essential items of equipment depending on the airtightness scheme or regime being followed. This may include:
* A laser distance meter or other relevant tool for measuring building geometry
* An anemometer for measuring wind speed to assess external test conditions
* A camera or mobile phone for taking records of testing and site conditions
* Personal protective equipment (PPE) as stipulated by your employer, client or a risk assessment
* Door wedges to keep internal fire rated doors open during the test
> These items are not included with your Pulse system but can be purchased off-the-shelf separately.
# Introduction
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/index
Welcome to the Pulse documentation site
Pulse is a portable, compressed air-based system used to measure the air leakage of a building, room or enclosure directly at low pressure (4 Pa). The quick and simple method enables air leakage and airtightness tests to be carried out with minimal disruption at near ambient pressure levels.
A Pulse system comprises one or more air receivers, a portable compressor and a touchscreen control unit. The underlying components combine pneumatics, sensors, and dedicated electronics with bespoke software to form an air leakage measurement method known as Low Pressure Pulse (LPP).
The LPP method works by releasing a small, known burst of air into the space being tested and then measuring how the pressure changes. In a very airtight space, the pressure increases higher and falls more slowly. In a leakier space, the pressure increases less and drops more quickly.
## New to Pulse testing?
Learn about each component used in Pulse air testing.
Understand how to operate the Pulse equipment and perform air tests.
Instructions on how to use the Pulse software and manage test results.
View how to upload tests to the cloud and produce test reports.
## Setting up equipment
Get your Pulse equipment set up and running in minutes.
View our selection of quickstart videos for both Pulse 2.0 and 3.0.
## Understanding results
View the various possible test statuses and why they occur.
Learn about each of the output result metrics and what they mean.
## Need help?
Browse frequently asked questions or identify common problems and how to fix them.
Contact our support team if you are unable to fix the problem.
# Competency schemes
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/online/competency-schemes
Pulse Online supports the option of submitting Pulse test data directly to registered airtightness tester competency schemes.
## Airtightness tester details
Before you can use this facility you must enter the details of the airtightness testing scheme you are registered with.
You will only need to do this the first time; once entered, the information will be saved for future use.
1. Sign in to Pulse Online using your email address and password
2. Click the *Profile* link in the top right corner of the screen
3. Select the *Airtightness Testing Scheme* you are registered with from the dropdown list
4. Enter your personal *Airtightness Tester Registration Number* in the text box
5. Click the *Continue* button to save the information
6. Logout and log back in to refresh your user session
## The Elmhurst Airtightness Scheme (EAS)
The Elmhurst Airtightness Scheme (EAS) is a scheme created for companies that carry out airtightness testing activities and to provide reassurance to clients that the work is carried out to a high degree of quality and integrity.
EAS was formerly known as the Independent Airtightness Testing Scheme Ltd (iATS) and can be accessed at airtightness.elmhurstenergy.co.uk.
EAS supports both air pressure tests and background ventilation assessments provided you have the required qualifications to carry out such tests.
Access the EAS Lodgement Portal and guideline documents.
For full instructions on submitting test information to EAS, refer to your EAS Portal Guidelines user documentation.
### Submitting a lodgement to EAS
Pulse test data must be transferred individually to the EAS Lodgement Portal. On the *View Test* page within Pulse Online, click the *EAS Lodgement* button at the bottom of the screen.
If the *EAS Lodgement* button is not visible, please ensure you have entered your airtightness tester details in your *Profile*.
Once entered, logout and log back in to refresh your user information.
#### Entering API credentials
The first time you use the *EAS Lodgement* functionality, you will be required to input your API credentials. Your unique ID and Token can be found on the My Profile within the EAS Lodgement Portal.
After your API credentials have been verified, the system will check to make sure that the Pulse test hasn't already been lodged with EAS.
When prompted, enter the mandatory information and any optional data for the type of test that was performed.
You also have the option to finalise a lodgement directly from Pulse Online, or you can do this at a later date in the EAS Lodgement Portal.
#### Information required for air pressure tests
#### Information required for background ventilation tests
#### Submission complete
Once the test data has been successfully transferred to EAS, you will be provided with a link to access it on the EAS Lodgement Portal.
If you selected to finalise the lodgement, you will also be provided with a link directly to the test certificate.
## Other competency schemes
We are currently working to integrate other airtightness competency schemes with Pulse Online. Information will appear here when available.
# How to access
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/online/how-access
Pulse Online is a web-based portal designed to be used in conjunction with your Pulse equipment.
It allows you to upload and store tests, produce test reports and lodge tests with airtightness competency schemes.
## Accessing Pulse Online
To access your Pulse Online cloud account, go to [www.pulseairtest.com](http://www.pulseairtest.com).
You will be asked to sign in with your email address and password. These login credentials will have been supplied to you when you first purchased the equipment.
Access your cloud account to manage tests and produce test reports.
## Sign in page
When you first visit Pulse Online, you will be required to sign in using your email address and password.
If you can't remember your password, you can use the *Forgot your password?* link to reset it.
## Forgot password page
To reset your password, click the *Forgot your password?* link on the sign in page, and follow this procedure:
1. Enter your email address and click *Send verification code*
2. Check your email inbox and retrieve the 6-digit code that was emailed to you
3. Enter the 6-digit code on the page and click the *Verify code* button
The verification code is only valid for 5 minutes. You will need to request a new code if it has expired.
When you have entered the correct verification code, you will be able to create a new password.
Your new password will take effect immediately and must meet the complexity requirements below.
Must be:
* A minimum of 8 characters
* A maximum of 256 characters
Must contain at least three out of the following categories:
* Uppercase character (A-Z)
* Lowercase character (a-z)
* Number (0-9)
* Symbol (@ # \$ % ^ & \* - \_ ! + = \[ ] | \ : ' , . ? / \` \~ " ( ) ; \< >)
# Managing tests
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/online/managing-tests
## Selecting an account
After you have successfully logged in, you will be taken to the account selection page which will show a list of accounts to which you have access.
Accounts are a way of grouping tests together and allows other users with access to the same account to view and manage the same tests.
The accounts displayed here are identical to those listed on the *Login* screen of your Pulse controller.
Select which account you would like to use if you have access to more than one account.
## List tests page
Once an account has been selected, you will be presented with a list of Pulse tests that belong to that account.
Recently uploaded tests will be displayed first for easy access.
### Filtering by test date
If you are looking for a previous test that was performed, it is possible to filter the list by the month/year of the test date.
Use the dropdown selection list in the top left corner of the page to select a year and/or month to filter the list by.
### Searching by reference or postcode
Use the search box in the top right corner of the page to find Pulse tests that match either a test reference or postcode.
The list of tests will be updated to display only tests that match the search query that you specified.
### Sorting test results
The table of results supports the ability to sort each of the displayed columns. Click the column heading to sort by that particular column.
## Exporting test results
The list of Pulse tests can be exported to CSV by clicking the *Export all results* button at the bottom of the page.
### Exporting only some results
To export only certain tests to CSV, check the tick box against each test result that you want to export and click the *Export* button.
## Archiving test results
For air testers carrying out many tests each day, your list of tests can become very long.
It is possible to archive older tests so they don't appear in your main list of tests.
Archived tests will be moved to a separate *Archived Tests* page.
To archive tests, check the tick box against each test result that you want to archive and click the *Archive* button.
## Deleting test results
It is also possible to delete tests completely. Tests must be archived first so that they are moved to the *Archived Tests* page.
On the *Archived Tests* page, check the tick box against each test result that you want to delete and click the *Delete* button.
Tests will be deleted permanently from your account, and it will not be possible to restore them or view the test data.
# Software downloads
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/online/software-downloads
Keep your Pulse controller software up-to-date by downloading update packages from the Software Download page of Pulse Online.
Software updates will include bug fixes and new features to improve your Pulse testing experience.
Download the latest software for your Pulse controller.
## Software update alert
Pulse Online will alert you if it detects that a new software update is available for your controller. It determines this by comparing the software version used in the last test file uploaded to the latest software version available.
## Downloading the latest software
If you have multiple controllers or air receivers, you can always download the latest software package from the Software Download page.
### Current V5 software update process
If you have a Pulse 3.0 controller or a Pulse 2.0 controller running V5 software, follow the instructions below to update to the latest software package:
* On the Pulse Online website, go to the *Tools > Software Downloads* page
* Select “Pulse 3.0” or “Pulse 2.0” and download the V5 software package using the *Download* button
* Copy the downloaded file into the root folder of an empty USB flash drive
* Follow the manually updating via USB flash drive instructions to complete installation
### Older V4 software update process
If you have an older Pulse 2.0 controller that is running V4 software, follow the instructions below to update to the latest V4 software package:
* On the Pulse Online website, go to the *Tools > Software Downloads* page
* Select "Pulse 2.0" and download the V4 software package using the *Download* button
* Copy the downloaded file into the root folder of an empty USB flash drive
* Turn on your controller and wait until powered up
* Insert the USB flash drive into the USB port on top of the controller and select *Software* from the main menu
* Verify that the software version matches the file downloaded and click the *Install* button
* The software update will begin and the system will reboot once installation is complete
Your Pulse 2.0 controller will be upgraded to the latest V5 software the next time it comes in for a service.
# Test reports
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/online/test-reports
A test report provides a permanent record of the Pulse test result and can be kept for your own records or given to a customer.
## Generating a test report
To generate a test report, click the *Pulse Test Report* button at the bottom of the *View Test* page.
This will open the *Pulse Test Report* dialog box.
If you have not assigned a property address, an error message will appear and not allow you to proceed.
Create a test report by clicking the *Generate Test Report* button. This will open a new browser tab containing the unique web address for your test report.
From here, you can either print the report or copy the web address link and send it to a customer.
Double check that all of the information on the test report is correct before handing it over to a customer.
### Amending a test report
A test report is a fixed record of the test data at that point in time. Once the test report has been generated, the information displayed on the report cannot be changed.
If you have made a mistake or need to amend any of the information, you will need to void the existing test report before generating a new one.
To void a test report, return to the *Pulse Test Report* dialog and click the *Void existing test report* link at the bottom.
The existing test report web address will be marked as "VOID" and anybody visiting it will be provided with a link to the new version.
## Printing a test report
The test report is designed to be printed on to A4 paper in such a way that it maintains its layout and format.
Click the *Print* button to open the web browser's print dialog box.
When printing a test report, we recommended the following print settings for best appearance:
* Paper size = A4
* Print headers and footers = NO
* Print background graphics = YES
## Producing a PDF test report
All modern web browsers have the option of producing a PDF document instead of physically printing to paper.
1. Click the *Print* button;
2. Change the "Printer" or "Destination" to **Print as PDF**;
3. Click the "Save" or "Print" button and choose the destination where you would like the generated PDF file to be saved to.
## Customising the test report
For customers carrying out a large number of Pulse tests, we offer an additional paid-for service whereby the test report can be customised with your own logo and branding.
Possible customisations include:
* Replacing the Pulse logo at the top of the report with your own logo
* Altering the report title with your own wording
* Changing the colour scheme used throughout the report
> Contact our sales team to request a quotation.
# Uploading tests
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/online/uploading-tests
## Automatic uploading via Wi-Fi
Pulse tests can be uploaded via Wi-Fi if your controller is connected to the Internet and you're logged in using an online user account on the controller.
New tests will be automatically uploaded (after the test completes) to the preselected account when the automatic test upload feature is enabled in *System* settings.
Previously completed tests can also be uploaded from the Test History screen of your controller as long as they haven't already been uploaded.
The cloud upload functionality will only be enabled when connected to Wi-Fi and signed in as an online user.
## Manually uploading via USB
To upload test files via USB, you must first export them from the controller on to a compatible USB flash drive.
Then on the *Import Files* page of Pulse Online, you can upload the .PAT files that were exported to the root of your USB flash drive. Using your computer, either drag and drop the files or select them from the assigned USB drive letter using the open file dialog.
Any files that aren't recognised as a valid Pulse test file or don't have a .PAT file extension will be displayed as "Invalid File" and ignored.
It is possible to amend the test reference of each .PAT file at this stage. You will also need to specify the person who carried out each test.
Once you have completed all of the required information, click the *Import files* button to upload them to your account.
### Guest user tests
Pulse tests that were performed using a guest user account will require a *Tester Account* to be selected on the import page.
By default it will try to match the tester name with one of the users who has access to your account.
### Online user tests
Pulse tests that were performed using an online user account will already have the correct *Tester Account* selected on the import page.
# Viewing tests
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/online/viewing-tests
After your Pulse tests have been uploaded or imported into Pulse Online, you can view them using the *View Test* button.
## Results tab
The *Results* tab shows an overview of the test result including when the test took place, who carried out the test and the outcome status.
The actual measured airtightness result is presented at 4Pa for each of the results metrics.
Additionally, the result is also presented at a pressure difference of 50 Pa by extrapolating it using a conversion factor.
It is not possible to edit any aspect of the pressure and flow data recorded on-site by the Pulse equipment.
Only certain contextual information such as why the test was performed, building details and enclosure dimensions can be edited.
### Editing test context
The *Results* tab also contains contextual information about the test and why it was performed.
This allows you to define the test type as well as other important information required for reporting or auditing purposes.
Whilst the contextual information has no bearing on the test result, it does add richness to the data and provides a valuable reminder for yourself in the future.
The *Test Context* can be amended by clicking the *Edit* button in the top right corner of the panel.
Once you have made changes, remember to click the *Save* button to update the test record.
We recommend completing as much of this information as possible whilst on-site using the context screen on the controller.
## Premise tab
The *Premise* tab contains the location of the property that was being tested as well as information about the building in question.
If this was an individual room test only, you will also have access to the room information.
### Adding a property address
If you haven't already assigned a property address to the test, you can add one by either looking up the address or manually entering an address.
A property address must be assigned before either a test report can be produced or a test certificate created via a competency scheme.
#### UK address lookup
To assign an address quickly, start typing an address in the input box by entering either the postcode or house number + postcode.
A list of matching addresses will be returned and you can select the correct address from the list displayed.
The address lookup functionality makes use of Royal Mail’s Postcode Address File (PAF®) including the “Not Yet Built” dataset.
This is a comprehensive database of all addresses in the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man, and includes dwellings still under construction.
#### Manually entering an address
If you cannot find the address using the lookup functionality, or you are entering a non-UK address, you can manually enter the address of the property.
In the bottom right corner, click the *Non-UK Address* button and complete each of the address fields displayed.
### Managing building/room information
As with the *Test Context*, both *Building Information* and *Room Information* can be amended by clicking the *Edit* button in the top right corner of each respective panel.
If you make any changes to the enclosure geometry (envelope area or volume), the result will be recalculated using the new dimensions.
The *Room Information* panel will only be displayed when the test enclosure is set to "Room Only" within the *Test Context* panel.
## Parameters tab
The *Parameters* tab displays the settings that were used during the test cycle as well as detailed information about the calculation process.
This information is designed for advanced users only.
### Configuring static timing
The Pulse data analysis algorithm will automatically select the best timing routine when calculating the result and requires no user knowledge.
Advanced users can, however, override this by using static timing for the various stages of the data analysis:
#### Steady state period
Steady state is the period over which a polynomial fit is performed to determine a smoothed curve and a derivative of the air pressure.
The *Steady State Offset* is the start of the defined steady state period, offset from the point the valve opens. This defaults to 0.5-seconds but may be manually adjusted to >= 0.3-secs.
*Steady State Duration* must be >= 0.4-secs, and the sum of the *Steady State Offset* + *Steady State Duration* must not be longer than the total valve open duration (typically 1.5-secs or 3-secs when testing more airtight enclosures).
#### Narrow state period
The *Narrow State* sits within the *Steady State* and is the period when data samples of air pressure and air leakage are collected for analysis. The sum of the *Narrow State Offset* + *Narrow State Duration* must be less than the *Steady State Duration*.
## Equipment tab
The *Equipment* tab displays information about the controller and air receivers that were used for the test.
When producing a test certificate via a competency scheme, the serial numbers of the equipment will be checked to make sure they have been serviced and calibrated recently.
## Charts tab
The *Charts* tab displays a visual representation of the Pulse test cycle and measurements recorded.
Refer to the Pressure Charts page for more information on each chart.
# Getting air receivers ready
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/operation/air-receivers
## Using multiple air receivers
Depending on the size of the building or enclosure you are testing, it may be necessary to use more than one air receiver to achieve sufficient pressurisation and produce a valid result.
Up to three air receivers can be directly connected and powered by the controller. If more than three air receivers are required, an external Power over Ethernet (PoE+) switch is required.
The switch must be independently powered and is linked to the controller to expand the number of ports available to connect additional air receivers. A maximum of 10 air receivers are supported.
> Contact our sales team to purchase a standalone PoE+ switch.
## Charging air receivers
Charging is the process of filling or pressurising an air receiver with compressed air.
When you connect an air receiver to the air compressor and turn the power on, the air receiver will automatically start charging.
The current "charge pressure" is constantly monitored and visible on the tank pressure gauge on the top of the air receiver.
The current charge pressure of each connected air receiver is also visible on the controller's status bar.
Air receivers can be pressurised to either a maximum of 10 bar or a lower charge pressure that you have set in the controller software.
When the air receiver has reached this limit or is fully charged, the compressor will switch off automatically.
Charging should take approximately **8 minutes** for a single 40 litre air receiver to fully charge from empty to its maximum 10 bar capacity.
When using multiple air receivers, the compressor should be connected to the first air receiver as normal until
it is fully charged. Then the compressor air hose can be moved from one air receiver to the next until all of the air receivers being used are charged.
## Optional hose splitter
An optional hose splitter can be used to charge two air receivers simultaneously by having both air receivers connected to the compressor at the same time.
This saves the effort of moving the compressor air hose between air receivers but does not reduce the total charging time, which is limited by the compressor size.
> Contact our sales team to purchase the optional hose splitter.
You can save additional time by measuring and preparing the rest of the building, whilst waiting for the air receivers to charge.
# Preparing the building/room
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/operation/building-preparation
Prior to testing, or whilst the air receivers are being charged, the following actions should be carried out depending on the type of test being performed:
## Whole building tests
1. Open all interior doors and openings to allow for the flow of air between rooms.
2. Close or seal up any intentionally provided ventilation as per the testing protocol being followed (e.g. CIBSE TM23 or IAA Background Ventilation Assessment).
3. Measure the building geometry accurately as per the Enclosure Geometry section. This information will be entered into the software when running tests.
4. Inform current building occupants of the imminent testing. You may also wish to warn occupants about the noise during testing, as it may disconcert them if unannounced.
5. You may wish to place signs on external doors to ensure nobody enters during testing, which would void a test.
In occupied premises where pets are present, it is advisable to keep them away from the air receiver to avoid distress when air is released.
## Room only tests
1. Open a single external door or large window, so that the pressure difference is created only between the room being tested and the rest of the building.
2. Close or seal up any intentionally provided ventilation as per the testing protocol being followed (e.g. CIBSE TM23 or IAA Background Ventilation Assessment).
3. Measure the room geometry accurately as per the Enclosure Geometry section. This information will be entered into the software when running tests.
## Example sealing up
Ventilation devices that you want to exclude from the test must be closed or sealed up using air sealing tape. The photos below show examples of recommended sealing procedures:
### Intermittent extract fans
### Passive vents
### Mechanical ventilation outlets
## Enclosure geometry
Regardless of the type of enclosure being tested, the overall dimensions of the space are an essential input to a Pulse test. The dimensions required are the internal volume and envelope area of the conditioned space, and these must be measured precisely to produce an accurate result.
For a whole-house test, the entire dwelling should be measured, including the main dwelling and any extensions or loft conversions, but not unconditioned spaces (such as garages, unheated conservatories, outbuildings, or cold roofs).
For room-only tests, the dimensions required are those of the room itself. Similarly, for commercial buildings or other enclosures, the dimensions are defined by the extent of the space that is being tested.
The specific measurement method will depend on the airtightness standard that is being followed (e.g. CIBSE TM23, ISO 9972, etc), but the following measuring techniques are provided for guidance:
### Measuring volume
The volume is measured as the total internal volume, in cubic metres, of the building envelope or part of the building being tested.
No subtraction is made for any of the following:
* Internal wall areas
* Intermediate floor height (for multi-storey buildings)
* Furniture or other internal objects
* Other voids or cavities
### Measuring envelope area
The envelope area encompasses the total surface area, in square metres, of all the boundary walls, floors and ceilings of the building envelope or part of the building being tested.
Internal walls are excluded unless they form part of the external barrier, such as an integral garage wall, a plant room, or other unconditioned space.
The surface area of party walls between terrace, end-terrace and semi-detached properties should be included in the total envelope area. In apartments of a multi-story building, the surface area of all walls, floors and ceilings that adjoin neighbouring apartments should also be included.
For more detailed information on how to measure dimensions, refer to your Pulse training material.
# Detailed equipment setup
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/operation/detailed-setup
Start by locating the equipment centrally within the building or space being tested. Refer to Position of air receivers for more guidance.
## Attach the air receiver to the air compressor
The air receiver is attached to the compressor using the air hose, allowing it to be filled with compressed air.
1. The female end of the air hose should be connected to the top of the air receiver.
* Attach the connector by pulling up the locking collar and pressing firmly until it locks into place.
2. The male end of the air hose is then connected to the side of the compressor.
* Attach the hose to the socket receiver by firmly inserting it until it locks into place.
## Connect the air receiver to the controller
The air receiver is connected to the controller using the interconnect cable. The interconnect cable also provides power to the air receiver using the Power over Ethernet (PoE+) protocol.
1. One end of the interconnect cable should be connected to the top of the air receiver.
* Remove the dust cap from the plug end of the cable and the dust cover from the port.
* Connect the interconnect cable by aligning the tab and inserting it until it locks into position.
2. The other end of the interconnect cable should be connected to the controller.
* Remove the dust cap from the plug end.
* Connect the interconnect cable into any of AR ports by aligning the tab and inserting it until it locks into position.
## Connecting power to the system
Mains power must be supplied to both the controller and the air compressor.
1. The controller must be powered from a mains power supply using the specialised power cord.
* Insert the mains plug end of the cable into a wall socket or other power outlet.
* Insert the power connector on the other end of the cable into the POWER port on the controller by locating it at a 45º angle.
* Rotate the power connector clockwise until it locks into position.
2. The air compressor must also be powered from a mains power supply using the standard power cord.
* Insert the mains plug end of the cable into a wall socket or other power outlet.
* Insert the other end into the power socket on the end panel of the compressor.
## Turning on the system
Once all cables and hoses have been connected, the system can be powered on.
1. Switch on both the controller and air compressor mains power supplies at the wall sockets or power outlets.
2. Turn the air compressor on by rotating the power switch to the ON/AUTO position.
# Disassembly and transport
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/operation/disassembly-transport
Disassembling the equipment is essentially the reverse of the setup procedure.
## Disconnecting the compressor
* Turn the air compressor off by rotating the power switch to the OFF position.
* Switch off the mains power supply at the wall socket or power outlet.
* Unplug the mains power cable from the power inlet on the side of the compressor.
* Disconnect the compressed air hose by pressing the green button on the side of the socket and gently pulling the hose connector out of the socket.
Do not attempt to disconnect the air hose without pressing the green button on the side of the socket, as this could damage the compressor or hose connector.
## Packing away the air receiver
* Detach the air hose by pulling up the locking collar on the hose connector to release it.
* Disconnect the interconnect cable by pressing the rubberised release button.
* Replace the dust cover/cap on both the socket and plug connector of the interconnect cable.
## Powering down the controller
* Switch off the mains power supply at the wall socket or power outlet.
* Disconnect the interconnect cable by pressing the metal release button on the AR socket.
* Unplug the power cord from the controller by pulling up the metal locking lever and rotating it to release.
* Close the lid and lock the latches into place for secure storage and transportation.
Neatly coil up all cables, leads and hoses to avoid twisting or damaging them. They can be safely stored inside the dedicated storage pockets on the side of the air receiver.
## Draining air receivers
Air receivers should be transported empty of any air for safety reasons. To drain all the remaining air out of an air receiver, turn the drain valve switch to the ON position (1). Once the air has fully escaped, turn the switch back to the OFF position (0).
We recommend that you only drain air receivers once outside, as a small amount of water that has condensed may come out at the same time, potentially damaging carpets or flooring.
## Transporting the equipment
Your Pulse system contains sensitive instruments and sensors; the equipment should be handled with care at all times. When transporting in a vehicle, air receivers should be secured in place by strapping or similar.
When moving and carrying the equipment, please ensure you have received the correct manual handling training and, if necessary, use lift aids as per your personal requirements.
Build Test Solutions cannot be held liable for any damage to equipment or injury to persons from improper use, handling or moving of equipment. Always conduct a thorough risk assessment for the job you are undertaking.
# Equipment preparation
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/operation/equipment-preparation
## Connecting equipment
This setup guide assumes you are only using a single air receiver. For instructions on using more than one air receiver, refer to using multiple air receivers.
### 1. Controller power cord
### 2. Air receiver interconnect cable
### 3. Compressor air hose
### 4. Compressor power cord
## Position of air receivers
### Whole building tests
For a two-storey building, position the equipment on the ground floor, approximately in the centre of the building. For buildings with more than two storeys, the equipment should be located on one of the middle floors.
### Room only tests
When testing an individual room only, all equipment must be positioned within the room itself, with adequate clearance from walls and furniture.
## Clearance around air receivers
The air receivers should be placed with at least **1 meter clearance** around them, keeping away from walls and furniture. If multiple air receivers are being used, then they should be placed directly adjacent to one another.
The system must have free airflow to the whole building or space being tested to allow for unhindered air dispersal and create an instantaneous pressure difference across the entire space.
## Location of controller
The controller should be placed on the ground at least **3 metres away** from the air receiver, with the lid open and facing the air receiver to act as a shield. Where the cable length allows it, the controller can also be positioned around a corner or behind objects to ensure the best results.
Alternatively, the controller can be placed directly at the base of the air receiver with the lid open between the air receiver and controller.
The controller should NEVER be placed at the same height as the air release nozzle on top of the air receiver, or facing the air receiver(s).
It is also important that the controller is not too close to walls, where air waves can reverberate off the surface and affect the sensor pressure readings. We recommend that there be **0.5m** of clear air around the controller where possible.
# Site assessment
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/operation/site-assessment
## Carrying equipment
A Pulse system using only one air receiver is designed to be carried by a single person, utilising the built-in shoulder straps.
## Check wind conditions
When first arriving on site, you should measure and record the wind speed to verify that it is within the tolerance required to produce reliable results.
In breezy conditions or exposed locations, the pressure within the building can be affected by strong winds, which may compromise test accuracy.
To produce a valid result, tests should only be done at wind speeds below **6 m/s** (around **13 mph**). Testing in higher wind speeds is possible but requires a greater level of caution and is generally not recommended.
The Pulse software will automatically account for background pressure changes under normal conditions, like those caused by mild winds and the stack effect.
## Air receiver capacity
If we assume an air permeability of 5m³/h.m² at 50 Pa, a single Pulse air receiver has enough capacity to sufficiently pressurise a building of approximately 150m² total floor area, 350m² envelope area or 350m³ volume.
Larger or leakier buildings can still be tested by adding more air receivers. A maximum of 10 air receivers are supported in total. Refer to using multiple air receivers for more information on how to connect additional air receivers.
Similarly, smaller buildings may require the air receivers to be charged to a lower pressure to avoid overpressurising.
The table below is provided purely for guidance only and estimates the number of air receivers and initial charge pressure required in various types of typical UK housing stock. The actual number of air receivers required will depend on the size of the building, its age and leakiness.
| Dwelling Type | Predicted Air Permeability (@ 50 Pa) | Estimated Air Receivers Required | Minimum Charge Pressure |
| :------------------------------------ | :----------------------------------: | :------------------------------: | :---------------------: |
| 1-bedroom flat (60m²) | 5 | 1 | 3 bar |
| | 8 | 1 | 4 bar |
| | 10 | 1 | 5 bar |
| 2-bedroom bungalow (85m²) | 5 | 1 | 4 bar |
| | 8 | 1 | 6 bar |
| | 10 | 1 | 7 bar |
| 2-bedroom terraced house (80m²) | 5 | 1 | 3 bar |
| | 8 | 1 | 5 bar |
| | 10 | 1 | 6 bar |
| 3-bedroom semi-detached house (100m²) | 5 | 1 | 6 bar |
| | 8 | 1 | 9 bar |
| | 10 | 2 | 6 bar |
| 4-bedroom detached house (150m²) | 5 | 1 | 8 bar |
| | 8 | 2 | 6 bar |
| | 10 | 2 | 8 bar |
Always use our dedicated Pulse Air Receiver Estimator tool to determine the required number of air receivers for the building in question.
# Test procedure and results
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/operation/test-procedure
## Record keeping
It is strongly recommended that records be kept of each test to allow for reporting or compliance needs. The following information is likely to be useful when keeping records:
* Tester ID number
* Test date/time
* Test location (i.e. address)
* Weather conditions on-site
* Notable site conditions and building information
* Sealing protocol followed
The Pulse controller can record this information, but you may choose to make additional records as deemed appropriate.
Refer to the test types for a list of information that is required for each type or air test.
## Basic test procedure
When launching a test, first ensure the air receivers are charged to sufficiently high pressure by observation of the on-screen tank pressure feeds, or by observation of the mechanical tank pressure gauge in the top of the air receiver.
Follow the running a test user flow to enter the required building information into the software and launch a test.
Advise occupants that the test is about to start and that there will be some noise and a gush of air.
Ask that movement to be kept to a minimum during the test, which will take a total of 15 seconds for a 3-step test.
Upon pressing the button to launch the test, a 5-second countdown commences, during which the operator should step away from the unit as well.
The system will account for wind and buoyancy effects by measuring background pressure before and after a Pulse test, and predicting pressure trends during the test cycle using these measured background pressures.
Refer to the test checklist for a quick reference guide to Pulse testing.
## Pulse test cycle
Upon launching a Pulse test, the test cycle will commence which contains a number of stages (assuming a standard 2-step test):
* 2-second background pressure sampling – during which no air is released but the device takes air pressure readings;
* 1.5-second release of air, during which time a noise and draught will be felt;
* A further 1.5-second background pressure sampling – during which the system records external and internal air pressure;
* A second 1.5-second release of air, this time at a lesser velocity than the previous;
* A final 2.5-second period of background pressure sampling. Again, no air is released, but important background pressure readings are being taken.
For a three-step test, an additional release of air and a 1.5-second background pressure sampling phase will be observed.
Once the test is complete, the results will be presented to you on screen for each of the various result metrics.
Both yourself and the occupants should refrain from moving around during the test procedure.
This is because the highly accurate air pressure readings are taken throughout the test process, which can be disturbed by any movement of people, animals or objects within the test enclosure.
### Flowchart of test cycle
```mermaid theme={null}
flowchart TD
run("Run test")
results("Test results")
sample1("Initial background pressure sampling (2-secs)")
sample2("Further background pressure sampling (1.5-secs)")
sample3("Additional background pressure sampling (1.5-secs)")
sample4("Final background pressure sampling (2.5-secs)")
release1("First release of air (1.5-secs)")
release2("Second release of air (1.5-secs)")
release3("Third release of air (1.5-secs)")
subgraph step1 ["Step 1"]
direction TB
sample1 --> release1
end
subgraph step2 ["Step 2"]
direction TB
sample2 --> release2
end
subgraph step3 ["Step 3 (optional)"]
direction TB
sample3 --> release3
end
run --> step1 --> step2 --> step3 --> sample4 --> results
```
## Result metrics
| Name | Unit | Description |
| --------------------------------- | :-----: | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Air leakage rate (Q) | m³/h | Total airflow across the building envelope expressed per cubic metre of air per hour. |
| Air permeability (AP) | m³/h.m² | The leakage per hour of air from a space per square metre of building envelope. |
| Air changes per hour (N) | 1/h | The leakage per hour of air from a space per cubic metre of building volume. |
| Effective leakage area | m² | An estimate of the measured total air leakage area in square metres. |
| Achieved pressure range | Pa | The maximum and minimum pressure in Pascals that the building maintained during the test. |
| Coefficient of determination (R²) | - | The accuracy with which a curve-fitting equation can be applied to a set of results. Value must be greater than 0.96 for a valid result. |
| Air flow exponent (n) | - | Describes the airflow regime through the gaps and holes in the building fabric. Value must be between 0.5 and 1.0 for a valid result. |
Refer to the full list of result metrics for more information on understanding test results.
# Cleaning and maintenance
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/servicing/cleaning-maintenance
## Cleaning the equipment
The outside of the equipment should be cleaned when necessary using a damp cloth only. Do not use solvents, cleaning fluids or abrasives as these could damage the equipment and materials.
On the inside of the controller, only a soft, lint-free cloth should be used to clean the touchscreen display. Gently wipe in circles to remove grime and fingerprints and avoid scratching the display.
Ensure connectors, sockets, and sensors NEVER come into contact with water or other liquids, as this could irreversibly damage the equipment or electronics, and cause a potential risk of electrical shock.
## User maintenance tasks
To guarantee that all testing is carried out safely and accurately, and to ensure that your Pulse system maintains its performance for as long as possible, please follow the maintenance schedule below:
*Drain air receivers*
When charging air receivers, small amounts of moisture from the ambient air will condense and collect within the pressure vessel. This needs to be removed to ensure optimum performance and accuracy.
Refer to Draining air receivers for the correct procedure.
*Hoses, cables and power cords condition check*
Check all air hoses, cables, and power cords for signs of damage or wear and tear and replace as necessary. These checks ensure safe and efficient operation of the system.
Replacement ancillaries are available by contacting us.
*System airtightness test*
Checking that there are no leaks in your equipment and hoses will ensure fast charging and optimum system accuracy.
Fully charge the air receiver to 10 bar and leave for 2-3 hours. Observe any changes in the pressure gauges and on-screen pressure readings.
Report any leaks to our support team.
# Pressure regulations
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/servicing/pressure-regulations
For your safety when using the equipment, ensure that all relevant national safety regulations are complied with relating to pressurised and electrical systems.
The pressure regulations listed below relate solely to the UK. If you are based outside of the UK, refer to your own national safety regulations.
## Pressure Equipment (Safety) Regulations
The Pressure Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016, PE(S)R, set out the requirements that must be met when manufacturing pressurised equipment for sale into the UK market.
All of your Pulse equipment has been designed and manufactured in compliance with the PE(S)R. This ensures that your equipment is safe to use by incorporating features such a pressure relief valves and other safety mechanisms to prevent overpressurisation.
Guidance from the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) on the Pressure Equipment (Safety) Regulations.
## Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000
The Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (PSSR) is a mandatory health and safety regulation that requires compressed air equipment to be inspected periodically by a competent person against a formal Written Scheme of Examination (WSE).
This is a legal requirement and the responsibility of the owner/user of the equipment when working with compressed air with a maximum allowable pressure above 0.5 bar.
Having your Pulse equipment regularly serviced by us is one way for you to comply with the PSSR. All of our service technicians are trained competent persons and will inspect and service your equipment against our WSE.
Guidance from the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) on the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000.
# Service and calibration
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/servicing/service-calibration
## Why does my equipment need to be serviced?
It is recommended that your Pulse equipment is serviced every two years as a minimum.
If you are conducting 1,000 tests or more per year, we would advise an annual check-up.
There are a number of reasons to have your equipment regularly serviced:
* To make sure that your equipment is operating as it should;
* If you are carrying out compliance testing, the calibration certificate requires renewal every two years;
* To comply with the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (PSSR);
* To maintain your equipment's warranty coverage.
Although we send out service reminders, it is your responsibility to request servicing and report service records to any authorised regulatory body for which system calibration is a requirement.
## What does an equipment service include?
* A full inspection of all of the pieces of equipment (hardware, pneumatics and electronics)
* Replacement air release nozzle (helping to ensure maximum air flow delivery)
* Replacement non-return valve, safety valve and filter element on the air receiver
* Replacement of the controller clock battery and SD Card (where applicable)
* Updated system firmware across the equipment
* Check, test and tune of the compressor
* A replacement compressor air intake filter and safety valve
* A full check of all system sensors (all pressure and temperature recording devices)
* A signed formal Written Scheme of Examination
* Full system calibration checks on the equipment in our calibration chamber, issuing updated certificates
Any damaged parts beyond those listed above that are not covered by warranty will be quoted and priced separately.
The calibration certificate will be valid for two years from the date of the service.
## What's included with an enhanced compressor service?
We also now offer an optional enhanced service for the air compressor pump. This is recommended for heavy users of the equipment or at every second service.
It includes replacement of piston rings and gaskets to ensure that the compressor maintains its original performance with no slowing of overall charge time.
## How long does a service take?
We typically offer a 3-day turn around on the equipment service and calibration, this allows time for any unforeseen issues with your equipment or additional parts that need to be ordered.
## What items are needed for the service?
All three parts of your Pulse system and associated cables must be sent in for service - the controller, air receiver(s) and the compressor.
Customer drop off and collection is preferred. However, we can also support with packaging and courier options both ways or one-way as required.
Please ship your Pulse equipment using the original bespoke packaging that was supplied. Build Test Solutions cannot be held responsible for equipment returned to us that is damaged in transit due to inadequate packaging.
## How do I book a service?
If you would like to book your Pulse equipment in for your service, contact us using the booking form below.
Please provide your preferred date for servicing to take place and the serial numbers of your equipment.
# Software updates
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/servicing/software-updates
## Pulse Controller
As with all modern devices, periodic software updates are issued to enhance functionality and add new features.
Pulse controller updates can be automatically downloaded and installed via Wi-Fi or manually installed via a USB flash drive.
### Online updating via Wi-Fi
To update via the Internet, navigate to the Settings screen on the controller.
Select *Update from Internet* followed by the *Check for updates* button.
Online software updates require an active Wi-Fi connection with access to the Internet.
Navigate to the *Wi-Fi Settings* screen if a connection has not yet been established.
The controller will check if a software update is available that is newer than the version of software already installed on the controller.
If a new version of the software is available, you will be able to download it by clicking the *Download Update* button.
The time it takes to download the software package will depend on the speed of your Internet connection.
Once downloaded, confirm that you want to install the software update by clicking the *Install Update* button.
This will begin the installation process - all other controller functionality will be disabled whilst the software is being installed.
Do not unplug the power from your controller whilst the update is being installed. Doing so could irreversibly damage your controller.
After the new software has been successfully installed, the controller will automatically reboot and your updated controller will be ready to use.
### Manually updating via USB flash drive
Download the latest software package from the Software Downloads page of Pulse Online and copy it to a USB flash drive.
Insert the USB flash drive into the controller, then navigate to the Settings screen and click the *Update from USB* button to begin the update process.
Check that the software version found matches the version that you want to install, and click the *Confirm* button to begin the installation process.
Do not unplug the power from your controller whilst the update is being installed. Doing so could irreversibly damage your controller.
After the new software has been successfully installed, the controller will automatically reboot and your updated controller will be ready to use.
## Air Receiver
The most recent air receiver firmware version is always incorporated into new controller software packages.
After performing a controller software update, you can navigate to the *System status* screen to check if any new firmware updates are available for each of the connected air receivers.
### Updating the air receiver firmware
When an air receiver firmware update is available, the System status screen will show a message saying "Please update the air receiver firmware".
A *Download* button (circled below) will also appear against each air receiver that is eligible for an update.
Clicking the *Download* button will install the latest firmware on to the air receiver.
# Basic usage
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/basic-usage
Your Pulse controller includes a touchscreen display which runs bespoke software with a user-friendly interface. The software is used to manage all aspects of the controller as well as any connected air receivers.
## Onscreen keyboard
Whenever you are required to enter data into an input field, an onscreen keyboard will popup so that you can type in letters, numbers and punctuation in the same way you would on a standard computer keyboard.
For text based input fields, the keyboard will have a standard QWERTY layout:
For numerical input fields, the keyboard will have a numeric keypad style layout:
## Status bar
A status bar is always displayed at the top of the screen, and provides important information about the controller's current state. It also provides simple navigation buttons that allow you to go back to the previous screen or return to the main menu.
| Icon | Description |
| ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
Home button
When clicked, the home button will return you to the main menu. |
| |
Back button
When clicked, the back button will take you back to the previous screen you were on. |
| |
Air receiver information
The AR symbol shows the number of air receivers connected and their current charge pressure.
When more than two air receivers are connected, the display will cycle through them every couple of seconds. |
| |
Date and time
The clock icon shows the current date and time on the controller. When not connected to Wi-Fi, you can change the date and time in the Settings menu. |
| |
User information
When clicked, the user icon displays the currently logged-in user and selected account. Clicking the account name allows you to switch to a different account. |
| |
Wi-Fi status
The Wi-Fi icon displays the current status of the Wi-Fi connection and its signal strength. Clicking the icon will allow you to select a different Wi-Fi network. |
# Draining air receivers
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/draining-receivers
Draining is the process of releasing all remaining compressed air out of air receivers, ready for transport or storage.
We recommend that you only drain air receivers once outside, as a small amount of water that has condensed may come out at the same time, potentially damaging carpets or flooring.
## Draining Pulse 2.0 air receivers
Pulse 2.0 air receivers can be drained by clicking *Drain air receivers* from the *Home* screen. You can then set the desired target pressure to drain down to, which defaults to zero pressure (empty).
Any connected Pulse 2.0 air receivers will have their main release valve opened and air will slowly be released into the atmosphere.
Pulse 2.0 air receivers must be powered and connected to the controller to enable draining.
## Draining Pulse 3.0 air receivers
Pulse 3.0 air receivers only have a manual drain valve and cannot be drained using the software.
To drain a newer air receiver, the drain valve should be manually opened using the switch on the top of the air receiver.
Refer to Draining air receivers to learn how to drain a Pulse 3.0 air receiver.
# Home screen
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/home-screen
The *Home* screen is the central hub of the user interface. From here, you can start a new Pulse test, view existing test results, change settings and view the status of any connected air receivers.
## Functionality
Start a new Pulse test by clicking the *Run Test* button. You will be required to enter information about the building before starting the test cycle.
The *Test History* button allows you to view existing test results, as well as upload them to your cloud account or export them to a USB flash drive.
If you have any old Pulse 2.0 air receivers connected, the *Drain ARs* button allows you to empty any remaining compressed air from them for transport and storage purposes.
Enter the *Settings* area to adjust controller settings, connect to or disconnect from WiFi networks, and manage users and accounts.
Use the *System Status* button to view information about the controller and any connected air receivers.
When you have finished using the controller, click the *Sign Off* button to switch to a different user or log out completely and return to the *Login* screen.
## Setting the target pressure
The *Run test* button contains an embedded target pressure selector. This allows you to set the initial charge pressure that all connected air receivers are filled to.
Use the + and - buttons to adjust the value to your desired test pressure.
# Initial setup
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/initial-setup
## General settings
When powering the controller for the first time, you will be asked to choose your general settings, such as your preferred language, location and time settings.
The date and time will be set automatically if you connect to a Wi-Fi network. The date and time only need to be set manually if you plan to use the controller offline.
## Wi-Fi connection
The Pulse 3.0 Controller supports connecting to a Wi-Fi network - this can be either a dedicated Wi-Fi network within the building or a personal hotspot provided by your mobile phone.
Connecting to a Wi-Fi network will allow you to access all features available on your controller, such as:
* The date and time on the controller being automatically synchronised via the Internet
* Your Pulse tests can be automatically uploaded to your cloud account
* The controller will check for software updates and allow you to download and install the latest version
* Our support team will be able to remotely assist you if any problems arise
## User accounts
The Pulse software supports two types of users - offline guest users and online cloud users. To log in as an online user, you must connect to a Wi-Fi network when initially logging in.
Online users have access to additional features (when connected to Wi-Fi), including:
* Your Pulse tests can be automatically uploaded to your cloud account
* The controller will check for software updates and allow you to download and install the latest version
# Login screen
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/login-screen
## Sign in as a cloud user
### 1. Enter email address and password
On the main login screen, select the **Login** icon to sign in as a cloud user. You will be directed to the BTS Single Sign-On (SSO) web page, where you must enter your email address and password.
You must be connected to Wi-Fi in order to log in as a new cloud user. Once logged in, you can work offline and only require re-authorisation over Wi-Fi periodically.
### 2. Select an account
Once signed in, you will be asked to select an account to use. Accounts are a way of grouping tests together and allow other users with access to the same account to see the air tests performed both on the device and via the cloud.
## Sign in as a guest user
To use your Pulse equipment offline or without Wi-Fi, you can create a guest user locally on the device. On the main login screen, select the **Create Guest** icon and enter the full name of the person who will be using the equipment.
Tests performed using a guest user can only ever be uploaded to Pulse Online using the manual USB export method. It is not possible to upload them over Wi-Fi.
# Running a test
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/run-test
To start a new Pulse test, click the *Run Test* button from the *Home* screen. You will be guided through a number of screens to collect information about the test.
## Property screen
The *Property* screen allows you to enter an address of where the test is being performed. This is essential for finding the test again in the future as well as for reporting and auditing purposes.
There a number of ways in which to enter an address: using address lookup, manual entering it or copying an address from a previous test.
### Address lookup (UK only)
To find an address quickly, use the *Address Lookup* option and enter the postcode or house number + postcode.
A list of matching addresses will be returned and you can select the correct address from the list displayed.
For best results, format the postcode correctly including a space, e.g. "AB1 2CD".
You must be connected to Wi-Fi in order to use the address lookup functionality.
The address lookup functionality makes use of Royal Mail's Postcode Address File (PAF®) including the "Not Yet Built" dataset.
This is a comprehensive database of all addresses in the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man, and includes dwellings still under construction.
### Manual address entry
If you cannot find the address using the lookup functionality, or you are entering a non-UK address, you can use the *Manual Address Entry* screen to enter the location of the property.
To proceed, select the country from the dropdown list, enter the first line of the address and postcode (where known).
### Use an address from a previous test
For a property that has been tested by you before, or for similar properties on the same street, it is possible to copy an address and settings from a previous test.
Go to the *From Previous Test* screen and search for the previous test.
Once the previous test has been found, select one of the options to proceed:
To do another test within the same property but following a different procedure or in another room, select the *Same Settings* option.
When you need to run another identical test within the same property, select the *Repeat Test* option.
If you are testing in a similar property to one you have tested previously, select the *Similar Property* option where you will be prompted to enter a new address.
## Context screen
The *Context* screen enables you to add contextual information about the test being performed, this determines which of the proceeding input fields are mandatory. It is also useful for future reference and streamlines the process of creating online test reports.
### Test type
On the *Context* screen, you are required to specify the type of air test being performed - either Air Pressure Test or Background Ventilation Assessment.
Refer to test types for more information on each type of test.
### Test enclosure
You are also required to state the type of enclosure being tested. If you are testing an entire building or part of a building, select *Whole Building* and enter the dimensions/volume of the entire building or space being tested.
If you are testing only a single room within the building (common for Background Ventilation Assessment), select *Room Only*. This will enable the Room screen to appear where you can enter specifics of the room in question.
When testing any other type of enclosure, select *Other* and enter the correct dimensions/volume on the Building screen.
### Test preparation
There are also a number of input fields around the preparation you performed in the building before carrying out the Pulse test.
These are optional questions that allow you to record information required for CIBSE TM23 reporting and similar.
## Building screen
The building screen allows you to enter information about the building and its architecture. When doing a whole building test, the building name (main, extension etc) as well as the dimensions/volume are required inputs.
For *Air Pressure Tests*, both the envelope area and volume are mandatory, whereas for *Background Ventilation Tests*, only the volume is mandatory.
Refer to measuring volume and measuring envelope area for more information on how to determine the building geometry.
Optionally, enter additional information about the building:
* House
* Flat
* Bungalow
* Maisonette
* Park Home
* Commercial Premise
* Ground Floor
* Mid Floor
* Top Floor
* Detached
* Semi-Detached
* Mid-Terrace
* End-Terrace
* Enclosed Mid-Terrace (flats only)
* Enclosed End-Terrace (flats only)
For UK properties, the age bands will be based on the SAP region where the building is located.
For non-UK properties, the age bands will be based on decades:
* before 1910
* 1910-1919
* 1920-1929
* 1930-1939
* 1940-1949
* 1950-1959
* 1960-1969
* 1970-1979
* 1980-1989
* 1990-1999
* 2000-2009
* 2010-2019
* 2020 onwards
* Cavity
* Cob
* Solid Brick
* Solid Concrete
* Solid Stone
* Steel Frame
* System Build
* Timber Frame
* Other
* Solid
* Suspended (timber or concrete beam & block)
* Boiler
* Communal Heat Network (serving one building)
* District Heat Network (serving multiple buildings)
* Electric Space Heaters
* Heat Pump
* Heating Stove
* Warm Air Heating
* Other
* Natural Ventilation (may include intermittent extract fans)
* Centralised Mechanical Extract Only (MEV)
* Decentralised Mechanical Extract Only (dMEV)
* Mechanical Ventilation (MV)
* Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR)
* Positive Input Ventilation (PIV)
## Room screen (room tests only)
When doing a room only test, the room screen allows you to enter information about the room being tested its dimensions/volume.
For *Air Pressure Tests*, both the envelope area and volume are mandatory, whereas for *Background Ventilation Tests*, only the volume is mandatory.
Refer to measuring volume and measuring envelope area for more information on how to determine the room geometry.
Optionally, enter additional information about the room:
* Basement
* Bathroom
* Bedroom
* Corridor
* Dining Room
* Kitchen
* Landing
* Living Room
* Lounge
* Office
* Store Room
* Study
* Toilet
* Utility Room
* Other
Will default to *Room type* but can be overridden, e.g. "Bedroom 1" or "Meeting Room" etc.
For UK properties, the age bands will be based on the SAP region where the building is located.
For non-UK properties, the age bands will be based on decades:
* before 1910
* 1910-1919
* 1920-1929
* 1930-1939
* 1940-1949
* 1950-1959
* 1960-1969
* 1970-1979
* 1980-1989
* 1990-1999
* 2000-2009
* 2010-2019
* 2020 onwards
* Cavity
* Cob
* Solid Brick
* Solid Concrete
* Solid Stone
* Steel Frame
* System Build
* Timber Frame
* Other
* Solid
* Suspended (timber or concrete beam & block)
* Boiler
* Communal Heat Network (serving one building)
* District Heat Network (serving multiple buildings)
* Electric Space Heaters
* Heat Pump
* Heating Stove
* Warm Air Heating
* Other
* Natural Ventilation (may include intermittent extract fans)
* Centralised Mechanical Extract Only (MEV)
* Decentralised Mechanical Extract Only (dMEV)
* Mechanical Ventilation (MV)
* Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR)
* Positive Input Ventilation (PIV)
* Chimney
* Closed combustion flue (e.g. wood burner)
* Cooker hood (vented to outside only)
* Intermittent extract fan
* Passive vent
* Trickle vents above windows
## Settings screen
The *Settings* screen allows you to enter your own test reference. This will default to the house number and postcode entered, but can be manually changed.
Additionally, you can also add notes about this specific test as well as general site notes about the building or location being tested.
### Tags
Tags are a useful way of categorising tests, for instance, if you are doing multiple tests within the same building over time.
Pre-defined tags exist for *Pre-retrofit* and *Post-retrofit*. Custom tags can be added by clicking the + icon.
### Building profile
The building profile determines the test cycle used during the release of air. In most cases, this should be set to *Normal* which will trigger a 2-step, 1.5 second burst of air for each step.
For buildings that have been purposely built to a very airtight standard, such as Passivhaus, this can be set to *Very Airtight*. This will trigger a 3-second burst of air for both steps.
### Advanced settings
For advanced use cases, it is possible to override the number of steps and Pulse duration manually, as well as change the barometric pressure reading.
Overriding the default advanced settings can cause unexpected results. This section is designed for expert users only.
## Run test screen
The final stage is to launch the Pulse test. Clicking the *Next* button on the *Settings* screen will take you to the *Run test* screen.
When the button is clicked, you will be given a 5-second countdown timer before the test begins. During this time you should alert others that the test is about to fire and be loud.
It is still possible to cancel the test during the countdown.
After the countdown ends, the Pulse test will start by releasing air from the connected air receivers. It is not possible to cancel the test once it is in progress.
Once the test cycle has been completed, the result will be presented on screen.
Refer to the test cycle for more information on the stages of a Pulse test.
The burst of air released during a Pulse test is loud. Always ensure other people in the building are aware before running a Pulse test.
We recommend that you always wear ear plugs or suitable ear protection due to the loud noise levels.
It is your responsibility to perform a health & safety risk assessment for the site in question before doing a Pulse test.
## Results screen
Once the test has completed, the *Results* screen will be displayed showing the status of the Pulse test and the result for various air leakage metrics at both 4 Pa and 50 Pa.
The Pulse test will show one of the following four statuses:
The test completed successfully.
The test completed with warnings, such as low or high building pressurisation.
The test was not valid due to insufficient building pressurisation, but it is still possible to present an "in excess of" result.
The test was not valid and a result cannot be presented with any confidence.
Refer to test validity and result metrics for more information on understanding results and warning messages.
### Uploading the result
If you are connected to Wi-Fi and signed in as an online user, it is possible to upload the result directly to the cloud from the *Results* screen.
Click the *Upload* button and wait for the test to be uploaded to your cloud account.
### Exporting to USB
Alternatively, test results can always be exported to a USB flash drive. To achieve this, plug a USB flash drive into the *USB* port on the top of the controller and click the *Export* button.
This will write a .PAT file to the root folder of the USB flash drive, which can then uploaded to Pules Online using a separate computer.
Only USB flash drives that are formatted using either FAT32, exFAT or VFAT are supported.
### Re-running a test
The *Results* screen also includes a button to perform a re-test. This allows you to quickly re-run the same test again in the case of invalid tests or where you want an average of multiple tests.
# Settings screen
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/settings-screen
The *Settings* screen allows you to manage and configure various aspects of the controller.
## Controller settings
The *Controller Settings* allows default settings, regional information and support/diagnostic options to be configured.
### Defaults
Set the number of steps used during a Pulse test cycle. This defaults to a 2-step test.
Set the duration (in seconds) that the main release valve will be open for at each step of the test cycle.
Set the target pressure (in bar) that any connected air receivers will be charged to.
### Location & time
Sets the display language as well as the date/time and number formats used.
Sets the country that will be selected by default when adding a property address manually.
Sets the timezone that all times will be converted to. Times are always stored as UTC but can be converted to your local timezone.
Enables you to set the date and time on the controller when you are not connected to Wi-Fi.
### System
Entering an unlock code enables access to administrative and debug features to be turned on.
This will only be used when you are requested to use it by our technical support team.
Toggle on to automatically upload each test to the cloud as soon as it has completed.
Sets the level of logging detail used in log files. Administrative use only.
Toggle on to send logging and diagnostics information to our technical support team.
This is essential to help our technical support team remotely debug any issues.
## Wi-Fi settings
The *Wi-Fi Settings* page allows you to manage saved Wi-Fi networks as well as connect to a new Wi-Fi network or mobile hotspot.
| Icon | Description |
| ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
Connect button
Click to connect to this Wi-Fi network. If a password is required you will be prompted to enter it. |
| |
Disconnect button
Click to disconnect from this Wi-Fi network. The password will be stored so you can reconnect at a later date. |
| |
Forget button
Click to forget this Wi-Fi network. You will need to re-enter the password to connect again. |
## Manage accounts
Online users may have access to more than one cloud account. The *Manage Accounts* page allows you to select which account you want to use.
The *Test History* screen will only show tests that were done using the selected account.
## Manage users
The *Manage Users* screen allows you to edit or delete other users that exist on this controller. Both online cloud users and guest users will be displayed.
| Icon | Description |
| ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
Cloud icon
Indicates this user is a cloud account. |
| |
Account
Indicates this is the currently signed in user. |
| |
Edit button
Click to edit the name of the user. Only visible for guest users. |
| |
Delete button
Click to delete the user and remove them from the device. |
Deleting a user will also remove all tests from the device belonging to that
user.
## Update from Internet
When a new version of the controller software is available, the controller software will automatically prompt you to update to the latest version during boot up.
It is also possible to check for software updates on the *Update from Internet* screen. Follow the on-screen prompts to update your software.
Online software updates require an active Wi-Fi connection.
Refer to online updating via Wi-Fi for more information.
## Update from USB
Manual software updates can also be performed using a USB flash drive. Firstly, download the latest software build from Pulse Online and copy it to the root folder of a USB flash drive.
Whilst on the *Settings* screen, insert the USB flash drive into the Data socket on the controller. This will enable the *Update from USB* screen to be accessed, where you can follow the on-screen prompts to update your software.
Refer to the manually updating via USB flash drive for more information.
## Recycle bin
When a Pulse test is deleted from the *Test result* or *Test history* screens, it will be moved to the recycle bin.
The *Recycle Bin* screen can be used to restore/undelete these tests or alternatively delete them permanently.
| Icon | Description |
| ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
Restore button
Click to restore this test and move it back to the *Test History* screen. |
| |
Delete Permanently button
Click to delete this test permanently. |
## Export logs to USB
When requested by our technical support team, device logs can be exported to a USB flash drive by clicking the *Export logs to USB* button.
# Signing off
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/sign-off
When you have finished using the equipment for a long period of time, or you wish to use a different user account, it is possible to sign out of your account.
## Logout
The *Logout button* will completely clear your authentication information and you will be required to reconnect to Wi-Fi and re-enter your password to use the account again.
## Switch user
The *Switch user button* enables you to quickly switch to using a different user account without logging out the current user.
Logged in and inactive users on the device can always be managed from the Manage users screen within Settings.
# System status
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/system-status
The *System status* screen shows information about the controller such as serial number, software version and service dates.
It also shows the information and status of any connected air receivers.
If more than three air receivers are connected, the navigation arrows can be used to scroll horizontally and see the remaining air receivers.
The unique serial number of your controller or air receiver. Every test performed is tagged with these numbers for auditing purposes.
The date the controller or air receiver was last serviced, for informational purposes. The date will be updated by our technical support as part of the service process.
The date the controller or air receiver is next due for a service. You will also receive reminder emails from our administrative team prior to this date.
The number of Pulse tests that have been performed on the specific piece of equipment. The count will be incremented automatically with each new test.
The version of the software/firmware the controller or air receiver are running.
If you are a member of an airtightness competency scheme, they will likely need to know the serial numbers of your equipment to ensure that it has been serviced and calibrated as per guidelines.
# Test history
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/software/test-history
## Viewing previous tests
The *Test History* screen allows you to view previous tests that have been carried out on this device. Five tests will be displayed per page and you can move between pages using the page numbers and navigation links at the bottom of the screen.
Each test has a number of options available to manage it:
| Icon | Description |
| ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
Export button
Export this test to USB. Only visible when a compatible USB flash drive is plugged in. |
| |
Cloud Upload button
Upload this test to the cloud. Only enabled when connected to Wi-Fi and signed in as an online user. |
| |
Cloud Upload Success icon
Indicates that this test has already been uploaded to the cloud. |
| |
View Test button
View the test result and air flow/pressure charts. |
| |
Delete button
Delete this test by moving it to the recycle bin. |
## Searching for a test
The search box allows you to search all previous tests by either the test reference or property postcode. Matching tests will be displayed on screen.
## Uploading all tests to the cloud
Any tests that have not already been uploaded to the cloud can be uploaded by clicking the *Upload all* button.
The process may take some time depending on the number of tests that have to be uploaded.
The cloud upload functionality will only be enabled when connected to Wi-Fi
and signed in as an online user.
## Exporting all tests to USB
All tests can be exported to USB by clicking the *Export all* button.
This will export each test as a PAT file to the root of the USB flash drive.
The export to USB functionality will only be enabled when a compatible USB
flash drive is plugged in to the data socket on top of the controller.
# Conversion factors
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/technical/conversion-factors
## Relationship between 4 Pa and 50 Pa results
Within the UK, both the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) and CIBSE TM23 define standard formulas to convert between a 4 Pa and 50 Pa air permeability result.
### Converting air permeability at 4 Pa to 50 Pa
To convert from an air permeability at 4 Pa to the same measurement at 50 Pa, use the following formula:
$$
AP_{50} = 5.2540 × AP_{4}{ }^{0.9241}
$$
### Converting air permeability at 50 Pa to 4 Pa
To convert from an air permeability at 50 Pa to the same measurement at 4 Pa, use the following formula:
$$
AP_{4} = (AP_{50} ÷ 5.2540)^{(1 ÷ 0.9241)}
$$
These conversion equations were established following the analysis of nearly 300k fan pressurisation tests carried out by the University of Nottingham.
In this paper, experimental investigations were performed involving the pulse method to assess its repeatability and accuracy.
In addition, two empirical models were applied to the data set to explore the conversion of air permeabilities between high and low pressures.
### Converting air change rate (ACH)
To convert an air change rate from 4 Pa to 50 Pa, and vice versa, it must first be converted to an air permeability to factor in the geometry of the dwelling using the building volume and envelope area.
$$
AP = ACH × V_{Build} ÷ A_{Env}
$$
# Equipment specification
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/technical/equipment-specification
## Current
### Pulse 3.0 controller
| | |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Model Number | PUL-V3-CON |
| Input power supply | 80-264 VAC 50-60 Hz |
| Maximum power consumption | 129 W |
| Screen interface | 7” capacitive touchscreen LCD |
| I/O ports | - 1 x USB 2.0 Type A (female socket) - 3 x RJ45 Gigabit PoE+ (802.3af, 802.3at) |
| Wireless communications | - Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz / 5.0 GHz (802.11ac) - Bluetooth 5.0, BLE |
| Storage | 16 GB eMMC flash memory |
| Operating temperature | 4 - 40 °C |
| External dimensions | 363 (L) x 282 (W) x 120 (H) mm |
| Nominal weight | 3.4 kg |
| Supplied cables | - 1 x Neutrik powerCON® to UK Plug (Type G, 13 A) power cord (3 m) |
Country specific power cords are available on request.
### Pulse 3.0 air receiver
| | |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| Model Number | PUL-V3-AR |
| Input power supply | 44-57 VDC PoE+ (802.3at) |
| Maximum power consumption | 30 W |
| Air reservoir capacity | 39.8 L |
| Maximum operating pressure | 10 bar / 145 psi |
| Operating temperature | 4 - 40 °C |
| Noise level | 108 dB at 1 m |
| External dimensions | 381 (D) x 824 (H) mm |
| Nominal weight | 13.0 kg |
| Supplied cables | - 1 x Neutrik etherFLEX® Cat5e RJ45 cable assembly (4 m) |
### Pulse air compressor
| | | |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Model Number | PUL-COMP-230V | PUL-COMP-110V |
| Input power supply | 220-240 VAC 50 Hz | 110-120 VAC 60 Hz |
| Maximum power consumption | 580 W, 2.6 A | 540 W, 4.9 A |
| Operating temperature | 10 - 40 °C | 50 - 104 °F |
| Noise level | 80 dB at 1 m | 85 dB at 1 m |
| External dimensions | 390 (L) x 180 (W) x 385 (H) mm | 390 (L) x 180 (W) x 385 (H) mm |
| Nominal weight | 16.2 kg | 15.6 kg |
| Supplied cables | - 1 x IEC C13 to UK Plug (Type G, 13 A) power cord (2 m) - 1 x quick-release compressed air hose (2 m) | - 1 x IEC C13 to USA Plug (Type B, grounded) power cord (2 m) - 1 x quick-release compressed air hose (2 m) |
Country specific power cords are available on request.
## Legacy
### Pulse 2.0 system
For previous generation Pulse 2.0 systems, refer to the technical specification that was supplied in instruction manual when you purchased the equipment.
Instruction manual and safety guidelines for previous generation Pulse 2.0 equipment.
# Warranty coverage
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/technical/warranty-coverage
All Pulse equipment is supplied with a 24-month limited warranty as standard from the date of dispatch.
Equipment must be used and maintained as per the procedures outlined in this user documentation.
## Overview
The limited warranty covers defects in materials and workmanship in Products manufactured by Build Test Solutions (BTS).
Products include all new equipment or accessories that were purchased directly from BTS by the Product Owner.
The Product Owner is defined as the original purchaser of the Products from BTS. Warranties are non-transferrable where Products have been resold to a new owner.
The warranty covers repair or replacement of faulty parts on a like-for-like basis. At our discretion, BTS may offer a refund if the Product is deemed irreparable.
To make a warranty claim, your Products must have been serviced in line with the recommended servicing schedule (every two years as a minimum, or annually if you are conducting 1,000 or more tests per year).
Modifying the equipment in any way or using non-genuine service parts will void your warranty and could potentially cause damage or injury to yourself or others.
## Warranty types
### Standard limited warranty
The Standard Limited warranty supplied is 2 years parts and labour.
### Extended limited warranty
An optional Extended Limited warranty can be purchased at the time of your original order.
The Extended Limited warranty is 5 years parts and labour.
## Period of coverage
The limited warranty starts at the dispatch date of the Products.
## Who is covered?
The limited warranty extends to the Product Owner, which is the company, or entity that first purchased the Products directly from Build Test Solutions.
## How to make a warranty claim?
Please contact us and describe the problem you are experiencing. BTS will, in the first instance, assign an engineer to assess the problem and attempt a remote fix.
If the problem cannot be resolved remotely, the engineer will authorise you to return the Product to BTS for service.
Contact our support team by phone on 0333 444 2870
Contact our support team by email at [support@buildtestsolutions.com](mailto:support@buildtestsolutions.com)
Returns can either be dropped off in person or shipped directly to our workshop at the following address:
Build Test Solutions Ltd
Unit A, Building 8
The Old Depot
Weedon Bec
Northamptonshire
NN7 4PS
United Kingdom
Return shipping costs, duties, import fees and any other costs involved in returning the Product are the responsibility of the Product Owner.
## Shipping and repair
All Products covered by the warranty must be returned to BTS for repair and service at your expense for shipping, duty and taxes.
Returned Products covered under the limited warranty will be repaired or replaced free of charge, and returned to you at our expense.
Products not covered under the limited warranty will be repaired and returned to you at your own expense upon receipt of full payment for such repairs and shipping.
Products where defects cannot be discovered will be shipped back to you at your expense also.
## Warranty exclusions
The limited warranty does not cover:
* Products resold by the Product Owner;
* Consumable parts, such as filters, cables, hoses and cloth parts of products or protective coatings that are designed to diminish over time, unless failure has occurred due to a defect in materials or workmanship;
* Cosmetic damage, including but not limited to scratches, dents and broken plastic on ports and bulkheads;
* Damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse, liquid contact, fire, flooding or other external cause;
* Damage caused by operating the Product outside of procedures detailed in the documentation or in a way not intended;
* Damage caused by service (including upgrades and expansions) performed by anyone who is not a representative of Build Test Solutions;
* Products that have been modified in any way to alter functionality or capability without the written permission of Build Test Solutions;
* Products that have not been serviced in line with the recommended service schedule;
* Any Product where the serial number has been purposefully removed or defaced;
* Shipping costs to return the Product to us (including any duties or applicable fees);
* Lost business due to faults, hardware or software malfunctions or failure of any product to meet expectations;
* Any non-Build Test Solutions branded hardware products or any software, even if packaged or sold with BTS hardware. Manufacturers, suppliers, or publishers, other than Build Test Solutions, may provide their own warranties to you – please contact them for further information.
* Broken or cracked display screens.
## Other limitations
This is our complete warranty for the Products, and states your exclusive remedies. This limited warranty is given in lieu of all other express warranties.
Implied warranties, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are given only if specifically required by applicable law. Otherwise, they are specifically excluded.
No warranty is made that the software will meet your requirements or will work in combination with any hardware or applications software products provided by third parties or that any/all defects in the software products will be corrected.
In no event shall Build Test Solutions be liable, whether in contract or tort (including negligence) for damages in excess of the purchase price of the Product, or for any indirect, incidental, special or consequential damages of any kind, or loss of revenue or profits, loss of business, loss of information or data, or other financial loss arising out of or in connection with the ability or inability to use the Products, to the full extent these damages may be disclaimed by law.
# Pressure charts
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/test-results/pressure-charts
The charts presented on both the Pulse controller and Pulse Online are a visual representation of the Pulse test cycle and data recorded.
They allow you to see the measurements you've collected, assess test quality, and do basic checks that the equipment is working as expected.
## Air flow chart
The air flow chart displays the relationship between the pressure in the enclosure (x-axis) and air flow into the enclosure (y-axis).
Key points:
* A good test produces data points closely clustered around the line of best fit, demonstrating consistent airflow measurements.
* Ideally, data points should span pressures both above and below 4 Pa. If the achieved pressures is consistently higher than 4 Pa, fewer air receivers or a lower charge pressure may be sufficient. If the achieved pressure is always lower than 4 Pa, additional air receivers or a higher charge pressure may be needed to adequately pressurise the enclosure.
* The data points are recorded at an interval of 50 Hz, so even short tests generate a dense set of data points, improving the reliability of the curve fit.
* Outliers or scattered data points may indicate transient disturbances or measurement issues.
## Air pressure chart
The air pressure chart plots building/room pressure (y-axis) over time (x-axis). This visualises the burst of air being released into the space and the subsequent pressure decay.
Key points:
* Look for a clear peak after the air has been released, followed by a smooth decay back toward ambient pressure.
* A clean downwards curve indicates a stable escape of air from the test enclosure.
* Minor fluctuations near ambient pressure are normal, but large variations could suggest environmental interference (e.g. high or gusty wind speed) or occupant movement.
## Air receiver tank pressure chart
The air receiver tank chart displays the pressure within the air receivers during the test.
Key points:
* Tank pressure should be steady before and after each step and decrease steadily during the step, confirming that air is being released correctly.
* Sudden drops or no drops may indicate equipment issues.
* Minor increases in pressure after a step are due to temperature changes within the tank.
# Result metrics
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/test-results/result-metrics
## What do the results mean?
Pulse test results are presented as various metrics at both 4 Pa and 50 Pa, including:
### Air Leakage Rate (Q)
The volume of air that exits the building per hour, when the building is pressurised to the cited pressure difference.
Units: `m³/h` *rounded to nearest whole number*
### Air Permeability (AP)
The air leakage rate normalized to the envelope area of the building.
It represents air leakage rate per hour per square metre of building envelope area at the cited pressure difference.
Units: `m³/h.m²` *rounded to 2 decimal places*
> Air Permeability (AP) = Air Leakage Rate (Q) ÷ Envelope Area (A)
### Air Changes per Hour (N)
The air leakage rate normalized to the building volume.
This metric represents the number of times that the total air volume in a room, space or building is completely removed and replaced in an hour when the building is pressurised to the cited pressure difference.
Units: `1/h` *also known as* `ACH` *rounded to 2 decimal places*
> Air Changes per Hour (N) = Air Leakage Rate (Q) ÷ Volume (V)
### Effective Leakage Area (ELA)
An estimate of the area of a hole that would produce the same amount of leakage as the building envelope at the cited pressure difference.
This value is calculated in accordance with ISO 9972:2015.
Units: `m²` *rounded to 4 decimal places*
### Calculation Uncertainty
The uncertainty in the air leakage calculation, excluding instrument and on-site building measurement uncertainty.
Units: `± %` *rounded to 2 decimal places*
## What are the calculation details?
The calculation details give advanced diagnostic information about a Pulse result:
### Coefficient of Determination (R²)
The coefficient of determination is indicative of the accuracy with which a curve fitting equation can be applied to a set of results.
With high frequency 50 Hz data collection, 25 reference points are collected per step and an overall R² value of greater than 0.96 is required for a test to be deemed valid.
Tests that do not obtain this minimum value may be due to adverse environmental conditions or poor test conditions or techniques.
*Rounded to 4 decimal places*
### Air Flow Exponent (n)
The air flow exponent is used to describe the airflow regime through the gaps and holes in the building fabric. Values must range between 0.5 and 1.0.
An n value approaching 0.5 signifies turbulent flow, representing high flow through large apertures. An n value approaching 1.0 will indicate a more laminar flow, characteristic of more airtight structures or those with much smaller gaps and holes.
*Rounded to 2 decimal places, with confidence interval*
### Air Flow Coefficient (CENV)
The air flow coefficient is a measure of the efficiency with which air flows through the gaps, cracks and holes in the structure at an internal to external pressure difference of 1 Pa.
*Rounded to 3 decimal places, with confidence interval*
### Air Leakage Coefficient (CL)
The air leakage coefficient is obtained by correcting the air flow coefficient to standard conditions (i.e. 20°C and 101,325 Pa).
*Rounded to 3 decimal places, with confidence interval*
## What are the test timings?
The timings allow advanced users to view and adjust the Pulse data analysis routine:
### Steady State
The Steady State phase is the period over which a polynomial fit is performed to determine a smoothed curve and a derivative of the air pressure and tank pressure.
The Steady State Offset is the start of the defined period, offset from the point the valve opens. This defaults to 0.5-secs but may be manually adjusted to >= 0.3-secs.
Steady State Duration must be >= 0.4-secs and the sum of the Steady State Offset + Steady State Duration must not be longer than the total Pulse valve open duration (typically 1.5-secs or 3-secs when testing more airtight enclosures).
### Narrow State
The Narrow State phase sits within the Steady State and is the period when data samples of air pressure and air leakage are collected for analysis.
The sum of the Narrow State Offset + Narrow State Duration must be \<= Steady State Duration.
# Test validity
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/test-results/test-validity
## List of result statuses
A completed Pulse test will have one of the following four statuses:
The test completed successfully.
The test completed with warnings, such as low or high building pressurisation.
The test was not valid due to insufficient building pressurisation, but it is still possible to present an "in excess of" result.
The test was not valid and a result cannot be presented with any confidence.
## Why does my test have warnings?
A test status warning is given where the achieved pressure range does not span 4 Pa.
This does not invalidate the test but means that the result at 4 Pa has had to be inferred based on the available data.
This is then reflected in the calculation uncertainty. Where these instances occur, the closer the achieved pressure range is to 4 Pa, the better.
### Low achieved pressure
A "low achieved pressure" warning happens when the building pressurisation fails to reach at least 4 Pa (see red line below).
This is as a result of the building under test being either too big and/or too leaky for the number of air receivers used or the initial charge level they were set to.
To increase the achieved pressure, you should use additional air receivers or set the initial charge level to the maximum 10 bar available.
### High achieved pressure
A "high achieved pressure" warning happens when the test cycle entirely exceeds 4 Pa and never drops below it (see red line below).
This is as a result of releasing too much air into the building under test, either by using too many air receivers or too high an initial charge level.
In these instances, you could use fewer air receivers and/or carry out the test from a lower air receiver charge level, i.e. less than 10 bar.
## What is an "In excess of" test?
Results that present as "In excess of" mean that insufficient building pressurisation was reached to achieve a valid result.
However, using the data that was collected, it is possible to know that the air permeability and leakage of the building exceed the result presented.
You should refer to the airtightness testing standard being followed as to whether an "In excess of" result is acceptable for your particular use case.
## Why was my test invalid?
There are several criteria and validation checks used to ensure that Pulse test results are accurate and dependable.
As a Pulse test cycle consists of several steps, the best possible combination of steps will be selected to determine the result metrics.
However, there are times when all possible combinations of steps will fail to produce a valid result.
In these instances, the result will be presented as invalid and the reasons for the test failing will be displayed on screen.
The failure reasons and possible actions that may be taken are detailed below:
### Invalid R² threshold
The coefficient of determination is indicative of the accuracy with which a curve fitting equation can be applied to a set of results. With high frequency 50 Hz data collection, 25 reference points are collected per step and an overall R² value of greater than 0.96 is required for a test to be deemed valid. Where all combinations of the test steps are analysed yet none are able to achieve the minimum 0.96 threshold, the test is flagged as invalid. The quality of the data points and trendline can be viewed in the 'Air Flow' chart of the *View Test* page, with poor R² tests typically presenting a distorted series of data points.
These distortions will typically be as a result of either:
* adverse environmental conditions e.g. strong gusting winds;
* poor test conditions e.g. a loose or moving element of the building fabric that is constantly moving and changing or reacting to the Pulse of air inconsistently;
* sub-standard test setup e.g. distorted air flow and reverberations as a result of the air receiver or controller being too close to a wall or window.
### Invalid exponent threshold
The air flow exponent (n) is used to describe the airflow regime through the gaps and holes in the building fabric. Values must range between 0.5 and 1.0. An n value approaching 0.5 signifies turbulent flow, representing high flow through large apertures. An n value approaching 1.0 will indicate a more laminar flow, characteristic of more airtight structures or those with much smaller gaps and holes.
A test would fail on this criterion if the n exponent is outside of the 0.5 to 1.0 range. A value that is below 0.5 would typically be caused by a building having a series of very large openings. This could be as basic as there being an open window or chimney but it could also simply mean that the building is just too leaky overall and outside of the operating range of the Pulse equipment in hand.
It is very rare for an air flow exponent of more than 1.0 to be recorded but if it is, we advise assessing the achieved pressure range, perhaps repositioning the equipment e.g. ensuring the controller is not in the turbulent flow from the air receiver nozzle, then retesting.
### Invalid steps
As with the test as a whole, individual steps have their own pass and fail criteria; however, one step failing doesn't mean that other steps have also failed. If a test presents an 'Invalid steps' fail message, then this means that the final result calculation included at least one step which failed. The reasons for why steps have failed will be displayed on the 'Parameters' tab when viewing a test.
# Backward compatibility
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/troubleshooting/backwards-compatibility
## Using new air receivers with a previous generation controller
It is possible to connect Pulse 3.0 air receivers to an older Pulse 2.0 controller with the addition of an external PoE+ switch.
The switch will be used to power both the Pulse 2.0 controller and the Pulse 3.0 air receivers.
A PoE+ (Power over Ethernet) switch is a device that combines power and data over an Ethernet cable.
The PoE+ switch must support the 802.3at protocol and be capable of supplying 30W of power per connected air receiver.
> Contact our sales team to purchase a standalone PoE+ switch.
## Using a new controller with previous generation air receivers
Previous Pulse 2.0 air receivers were powered directly from the mains as opposed to receiving power from the controller.
They can be used with newer Pulse 3.0 controllers, provided they remain powered independently and have received a software update to make them compatible.
### Powering older air receivers
When using a Pulse 2.0 air receivers with a Pulse 3.0 controller, the air receiver must be powered directly from mains electricity via the original IEC power cord.
The *CONTROL* port of the air receiver is connected directly to the controller, but it will be used for data only (not power).
### Updating older air receivers to the latest firmware
To update Pulse 2.0 air receivers to be compatible with Pulse 3.0 controllers, they should be powered on and connected to the controller.
On the *System Status* screen, there will be an option to upgrade the firmware of each connected air receiver to make it compatible with the controller version.
Refer to updating the air receiver firmware for more information.
### Charging older air receivers
The software-controlled charging feature of the Pulse 3.0 controllers is not compatible with older Pulse 2.0 air receivers.
As a result, to stop charging Pulse 2.0 air receivers, the power must be manually turned off on the compressor, as per existing procedures.
### Draining older air receivers
Pulse 2.0 air receivers require power and a data connection to a controller to use the drain functionality. They cannot be drained manually.
Refer to draining Pulse 2.0 air receivers for more information.
# Common problems
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/troubleshooting/common-problems
## General information
Every individual person using the Pulse equipment or interacting with Pulse Online should do so using their own user account and email address.
To add new users or manage existing users on your account, please contact us.
Calibration certificates are emailed to the lead contact for your company when equipment is purchased as well as after every service.
Replacement copies of the certificates can be obtained by contacting us.
## Using the equipment
In the first instance, verify that the interconnect cable is plugged in at both the controller and air receiver ends. It may help to unplug and reattach it to ensure that the connector is seated properly.
If the air receiver is still not recognised within a few seconds, try power cycling the controller by turning it off and waiting for the green LED to disappear.
After 10 seconds, turn the power back on and the air receiver will hopefully be identified and listed on the *System status* screen.
Other than the power not being turned on, the most common reason that a compressor will not turn on is due to the safety cut-out switch reaching 10 bar.
If the compressor is turned on without an air receiver connected, the pneumatics of the pump will pressurise and the compressor will not turn back on until this pressure is released.
When this occurs, connecting the hose to either the compressor or air receiver requires much more force than normal as you need to overcome the built-up pressure within.
Your Pulse controller supports USB-A flash drives up to 256GB. Larger capacities and USB-C flash drives using an adapter may work but have not been tested.
Additionally, your USB flash drive must be formatted using one of the following formats:
* FAT32
* exFAT
* VFAT
Incompatible formats that do not work include NTFS and HFS.
## Pulse results
Pulse Online will always use the latest version of our Pulse data analysis algorithm to calculate the result.
We frequently optimise the algorithm used in calculating the air leakage result. If your controller is giving a slightly different result, it may be that it is not using the latest software version.
Regularly updating the controller to the latest software package should resolve the issue.
A warning may be produced when the achieved pressure during a test does not span 4 Pa. This could be because it either didn't achieve enough pressurisation within the building or overpressurised the building too much.
Refer to the list of test warnings for a description and possible remedies.
There are several criteria and validation checks used to ensure that Pulse test results are accurate and dependable.
Refer to the list of invalid reasons for a description and possible causes.
This will usually be as a result of many of the factors described above. It can, however, also be as a consequence of the error associated with extrapolating the Pulse data up to 50 Pa (the cited achieved pressure range are the pressures as which Pulse has directly measured the air leakage).
Other factors can include variations in test set up and changes on-site, especially when testing is conducted at different times by different testers.
Fundamentally they are two different tests carried out at two different pressures and absolute agreement would not be expected.
## Test reports
Check that you have the output paper size set to A4 and that the following options are selected in the print dialog:
* Print headers and footers = NO
* Print background graphics = YES
# Frequently asked questions
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/troubleshooting/frequent-questions
## General information
View our brief overview video on how Pulse works.
Much like other air permeability testing methods, only a guideline can be offered as to the suitability of Pulse for a given application.
Due to varying levels and leakiness of buildings, results may not be obtainable even for properties within the guidelines.
To ensure successful testing, it is imperative that you use a sufficient number of air receivers for the space being tested.
Use our handy tool to estimate the number of air receivers required to perform a successful Pulse test based on a building's envelope area or volume and anticipated leakiness.
On occasion, very airtight spaces may result in a warning that the achieved pressure range was too high.
Whilst the typical solution to this is to lower the pressure in the tank, there are scenarios where this will not suffice.
Under these circumstances, there is an option in the test setup process on the *Settings* screen that will allow you to change the Building profile to "Very airtight".
This will trigger a 3-second burst of air for both steps.
## Low Pressure Pulse (LPP) method
A blower door fan compromises the doorway and tests air leakage rates at much higher pressures than Pulse (typically 20-70 Pa). These factors make it hard to compare results directly.
However, through extensive validation whereby both technologies are forced to measure air leakage directly within the same 10-20 Pa range, the methods are known to agree to within ±6%.
A full detailed independent methodology for low-pressure Pulse testing is documented in CIBSE TM23 (2022). CIBSE is the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers and TM23 is available under ISBN 9781914543173.
TM23 Testing buildings for air leakage (2022)
## Using the equipment
Pulse controllers contain either a 16GB SD card or 16GB of eMMC flash memory. This is sufficient capacity to store up to 100,000 tests locally on the device.
Test files can always be uploaded to your cloud account for permanent storage and reporting purposes.
It is recommended that in accordance with any applicable pressure regulations, your Pulse equipment be visually inspected by a competent person once every 24 months to assess for damage, corrosion or any faulty parts.
During this inspection, a sensor calibration is also performed using temperature and pressure calibration instruments that are traceable to national standards.
Refer to servicing and calibration for more information.
## Pulse results
All results displayed by your Pulse controller and on Pulse Online are presented at both 4 and 50 Pa pressure differences for each of the result metrics.
Low pressure airtightness testing, using Pulse, is a comparatively new concept compared to the traditional high pressure testing carried out using a blower door fan.
The Pulse equipment measures the air leakage directly at 4 Pa. This is a pressure level most representative of day-to-day conditions, making it well suited to assessing background leakage or to more reliably determine an infiltration rate for energy performance calculation purposes with minimal extrapolation.
The 50 Pa result has been extrapolated based on a standard equation derived from a large sample of previous Pulse tests.
Use our calculation tool to easily convert air leakage rates between 4 Pa, 50 Pa and infiltration (ACH).
Refer to conversion factors for more information on the relationship between different high and low pressures.
A building or enclosure will present itself as being more leaky when a higher pressure is exerted upon it.
Additionally, higher pressures can also force what are termed as 'convoluted leakage paths' which would not be present in either low pressure testing or during normal conditions or in gusting winds.
Other differences include that the fan requires an external doorway to be open with the fan mounting placed inside it which might form a poor seal and create a potential leakage path during the test.
## Test reports
No, a Pulse test report is a web-based record of your Pulse test that we provide as a handy document that you can keep for your own records or to give to customers.
Whereas an airtightness test certificate is an official document proving a new build or renovated property complies with building regulations, such as Approved Document L.
An airtightness test certificate can only be obtained by airtightness testers registered with an approved competency scheme.
Adding your logo or branding to a Pulse test report is an additional service that is available to customers carrying out a large number of Pulse tests.
Contact our sales team to request a quotation.
# Technical support
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/troubleshooting/technical-support
## Requesting help with a problem
If you have a problem that you cannot find the answer to anywhere on this documentation site, please follow the procedure below to create a support ticket:
Where appropriate, take photos or a short video of the problem you are experiencing. This will help us understand the issue quickly.
Describe the problem in as much detail as possible, including the setup procedure and steps taken before the issue occurred.
Submit all the information, including your contact details, on our dedicated support portal.
## Enabling remote logging
On occasion, our technical support team may request that you enable remote logging (if it isn't already enabled).
This will capture and send logging and diagnostic information to our team to help diagnose the issue.
The *Enable remote logging* toggle can be found on the main *Settings* screen under the *System* panel.
You must be connected to Wi-Fi in order to use the remote debugging feature.
## Other ways to contact us
Contact our support team by phone on 0333 444 2870
Contact our support team by email at [support@buildtestsolutions.com](mailto:support@buildtestsolutions.com)
# Test checklist
Source: https://docs.pulseairtest.com/troubleshooting/test-checklist
## Setting up equipment
Check that the wind speed is below the maximum limit of 6 m/s (13 mph) using either an anemometer or local weather reports (e.g. Met Office/BBC).
Position air receivers in the centre of the building/room at least 1m away from obstructions (e.g. walls, doors, large furniture).
Locate the controller either at the base of the air receiver or 3m+ away, with the lid open and facing the air receivers.
Connect all equipment together, turn the power on and charge the air receivers to the desired initial pressure.
## Prepare the building
Close all external windows, doors and hatches to any unheated spaces (e.g. garage, loft, conservatory, service risers).
Close all external windows, trickle vents and other closeable vents.
Open internal doors including large cupboards (e.g. under stairs or airing cupboards)
In new build properties, ensure all water traps and toilets are filled with water.
Turn off and seal intentionally provided ventilation devices (e.g. extract fans, cooker hoods, permanently open vents, ventilation openings).
Measure the dimensions of the building or room that is being tested to obtain the total enclosed volume and external envelope area.
## Running a test
Enter required building information into the controller software, including a test reference and address or plot number.
Make all occupants of the property aware that a Pulse test is about to be performed.
Launch the test cycle and ensure no movement within the building whilst the test is in progress.
Check that results are valid. If achieved pressure is too low, use an additional air receiver. If achieved pressure is too high, charge tank to lower pressure and re-test.
If R2 or N values are out of range, check that wind speed is low enough, that the equipment is all in free air and that no element of the building fabric is loose and moving excessively under test e.g. loose plasterboard, service hatch or window/door that isn’t properly closed.